Wednesday, 5 February 2020

English Suggestion for annual Examination 2020, Class xi (wbchse)

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       SUGGESTION FOR annual Exam 2020
                         Class-XI English-B


1. Complete each of the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given:                                                                                                              1x5=5

i) Sidda knows

(a) the deity (b) the moon (c) the policeman ( d) the thieves

ii) The mirror .............. back at sir Mohan.
(a) laughed ( b) mocked (c) smiled (d) replied

iii)  According to mother Teresa, we can be taught many beautiful things by the
   (a) children (b)  professors   (c) social workers (d) poor

iv) Ralph Spencer was
(a) the phoenix that arose out of Jimmy Valentine's ashes (b) an alibi (c) the banker (d) the petty thief 

v) Art education calls for close contact with—(a) Nature (b) artisans   (c) acrylic (d) graphics.

      N.B.:     Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

2. Answer any five of the following questions, each in complete sentences:                   1x5=5                                      
i)  What did sir Mohan have in the buttonhole of his shirt?

ii)   Why did Mother become surprised in the West?

iii)   How much did Lachmi pay the coolie? iv)  Who was Annabel Adams?

v)  What are the two aspects of art education?

vi)  Where did Leela’s mother find the chain?

vii)  Who were the two soldiers?

viii) What did the warden give Jimmy?

ix) What had mother seen in the old-age home?

x) Where does the vitality of work of art lie?

N.B. : Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.

3. Answer any two of the questions which follow (each in about 100 words):   5x2=10

                        Leela’s friend

1. 'In any case, we couldn't have kept a criminal like him in the house' - Who is the speaker? Who is the criminal referred to here? What led the speaker to such a comment?

2. " Don't send him away. Let us keep him in our house." Who was the speaker and to whom was it spoken? About whom was it said? How did the person or persons spoken to react?

3. “Now write” Who said this and to whom? Describe the speaker’s efforts in teaching the taught?  Or, How did Leela try to make sidda write? What was the result?

 4. 'He looked at her mutely , like an animal' Who looked at whom? What was the situation when this occurred?

                           Nobel Lecture

1. Narrate the experience Mother Teresa had when there was great difficulty in getting sugar Or How did a four years old boy share his love with the poor children?

2. How does Mother Teresa fight against abortion?

3. "I had the most extraordinary experience what a Hindu family that had  eight children" -- which experience is Mother Teresa speaking of?

4. Narrate in your own words the experience of Mother Teresa in an old age home.

5. 'I had the most extraordinary experience with the Hindu family that had eight children.' Which experience is mother Teresa speaking of?

            The Place of Art in Education

1. How does functional art help us? What do you mean by professional return?

2. What is the difference between fine art and functional art?

3. How does a poor santhal express his sense of beauty and order in his daily life?

4. According to Nandalal Bose, how are beauty and aesthetics connected to a person's physical and mental well-being? Explain with an example from the text.

                               Karma

1.sketch the character of sir Mohan Lal.

2. Give a brief description of the appearance of lady Lal.

3. How did sir Mohan feel when he saw two Englishmen coming towards his coupe?

4. Bring out the significance of the title 'Karma'.

5. "You are a bit of alright old chap." -- Who is the speaker? Who has been referred to as 'old chap'? What picture of the person's character here, spoken to, is revealed in this line?

                        Jimmy Valentine

1. What did Jimmy write to his old friend in St Louis? Why did he write so?

2. How did Jimmy prove his nobility towards the end of the story 'Jimmy Valentine'?

3. What new name did Jimmy Valentine assume at Elmore?  What business did he open there? How did Jimmy fare at Elmore?

4. "That child she can't stand it long in there" -- Who is referred to here? Why was she in danger? How was she saved?

5. What did Jimmy Valentine do from the time he got out of Jail  till he met Mike Dolan?


4. Complete each of the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given.

i) The wind tells the mists to--   (a) settle on the shore  (b) lift their veils to enable the mariners to steer their ships  ( c) shroud the graveyard  (d) move and make way for it.

ii) The city of London is seen—( a) in the morning light   (b) at twilight  (c) at noon  (d) at midnight.

iii) The poem "Meeting at Night" is a--  (a) sonnet    (b) lyric   (c) soliloquy   (d) dramatic monologue.

iv) The rhyme-scheme of "The Sick Rose" is—( a) cddc ( b) cdec  (  c) abcbdefe   (  d) cdcd

v) In the poem "Brotherhood", the night is--- ( a) enormous  ( b) dark  ( c) short   ( d) silent

N.B.:  Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

5. Answer any five of the following questions, each in a complete sentences:   1x5=5

i) Which city, according to Wordsworth, is the fairest one?

ii) How does Wordsworth describe the beauty of the morning? 

iii) What has the worm found out? 

iv) Why do the lovers meet at night? 

v) Who is sick in the poem of Blake?

vi) When did the worm creep into the rose’s bed?

vii) What type of a poem is ‘Brotherhood’?
viii) What did the wind tell the chanticleer?

ix) What is the wind's message to the forest in 'Daybreak'?

x) What do the stars write? 


N.B.:  Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.

6. Answer any two of the questions which follow (each in about 100 words):   5x2=10

a)  Justify the title of the poem 'Meeting at Night.

b) 'Describe, after Wordsworth, the city of London as given in the poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’.

c) Bring out the central idea of  the poem “The sick Rose”.

d) How does Longfellow describe the activities of the wind?

e) Write a note on the significance of the title of the poem, “Brotherhood”.

f) Bring out the central idea of the poem ‘Brotherhood’?

7. Complete each of the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given: 

   i) The duke and his followers liked the life in the Forest of Arden because-- a) it was a lazy life of luxury and comfort ( b) it was a life more relaxing than that in the court ( c) it was dangerous and challenging ( d) they loved hunting.

ii) Iago was determined to take revenge on---- a) Barbantio (b) Cassio and Othello (c) Emilia (d) Desdemona.

iii) Aegeon is travelling throughout the world in search of his son for--- a) 6 years (b) 5 years (c) 9 years (d) 7 years.

iv) Banquo's ghost occupied--- (a) Macbeth's palace (b) Macbeth's seat (c) Macbeth's bed (d) Macbeth's army.

v) Viola was Sebastian's—(a) sister (b) wife (c) friend (d) niece.

N.B.:  Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

8. Answer anyone of the questions which follow (each in about 100 words):   5x1=5

(i) How did Aegeon find out all his family members?        (The Comedy of Errors)

(ii) What was the law that prevailed in Ephesus? What did the Duke say to Aegeon when he became a victim of the law? (The comedy of Errors)

(iii) Why was Elder Antipholus denied entry into his own house? ( The Comedy of Errors)

(iv) Who was Olivia? What saddened her? Why did she not allow any visitor? (Twelfth Night)

(v) How was the confusion of mistaken identity overcome in 'Twelfth Night'?

(vi) What information given by the captain consoled Viola? What plan did Viola think of to reach the Duke? How did the captain help her in this? (Twelfth Night)

(vii) What did each of the three witches predict to Macbeth when he first met him? (Macbeth)

(viii) Sketch the character of Lady Macbeth?         (Macbeth)

(ix) How was the banished duke's life in the Forest of Arden? ( As You Like It)

(x)  How did old Adam prove his loyalty towards his master?  ( As You Like It)

(xi) How did Rosalind win Orlando's heart? ( As You Like It)

(xii) Who were the two participants in the wrestling match? Whom did Celia and Rosalind try to dissuade? What was the result?

(xiii) Why did Othello decide to kill his wife and himself?          (Othello)

(xiv) What led Desdemona to marry Othelo?   (Othello)

(xv) How did Othelo overcome the fury of Brabantio after marrying Desdemona?  (Othello)

9. Textual Grammar:        10 Marks     
   A)      Do as directed:                                                                                   1x7=7 
Narration change  (ii) Voice change (iii) Negative-affirmative (iv) Complex/Simple/ Participle (v) Degree (vi) Interchange of Parts of Speech     vii) Split

   B) Article & Preposition:                                                                          1/2x6=3



10.  Write a paragraph on the following event about 150 words:         10 marks

Friendship ,Internet: its use and abuse,  a festival you enjoy, A Film you have recently seen, Uses and abuses of mobile phone, , Visit to a book Fair, The School magazine, Computer, Face Book 

OR    Story Writing

11. Advertisement (not more than 50 words) (one out of Two)           5 marks

12. Commercial Leaflet (not more than 50 words) (One out of two)               5 marks 
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Friday, 31 January 2020

English note of class xi , wbchse

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Justify the title of the poem "Daybreak".

 ANS. The poem "Daybreak" gives a vivid description of the early morning. At daybreak all nature looks cheerful. Activity starts in the natural world as well as in the human world. A wind rises from the sea and moves through landward. It spreads the news of the approaching day and gives all the call of activity. Only those who are dead must not be disturbed. They should be allowed to rest in peace. The poen  is a call for activity and progress. Allegorically, the daybreak suggests the birth of era of peace, prosperity and enlightenment. So, the title of the poem is quite significant.
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Friday, 24 January 2020

āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ

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ā§§) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻ•ী? āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āϞেāĻ–। āĻāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ—āϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ•ী? 
āωঃ
āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­: āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­েāϰ āĻ­াāώাāĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āφāϞোāĻĄ়āύ āĻŦা āωāϤ্āϤেāϜāύা āĻŦা āφāĻŦেāĻ—।
āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­েāϰ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে-- āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻŦা āφāĻŦেāĻ— āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϜāϟিāϞ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤি āϝাāϰ āĻŽূāϞে āĻ•āϤāĻ—ুāϞি āϏāĻšāϜাāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ, āĻ•োāύ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻāĻ•ে āϜাāĻ—āϰিāϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻĻেāĻšেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āϤāĻ•āĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϘāϟে āϝাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āφāĻŽāϰা āύাāύা āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•াāϜে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ āĻšāχ।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻāϰ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŽ্āϝাāĻ•āĻĄুāĻ—াāϞ āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ-- " It is the regarded as a made of experiences which accompanies the working within is of instinctive impulses." 

āϏুāϤāϰাং āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨাāϝ় āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ় āϝে- āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻšāϞ āĻŽāύেāϰ āϏেāχ āϏ্āĻŦāϤঃāϏ্āĻĢূāϰ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āϝা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ•ে āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ āĻ•āϰে

āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ: āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻŦা āφāĻŦেāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻšāϞ āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒ--
ā§§) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ।

⧍) āϤীāĻŦ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļে āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ•āĻ–āύো āϜৈāĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻ­াāϰāϏাāĻŽ্āϝ āύāώ্āϟ āĻšāϝ়।

ā§Š) āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­েāϰ āφāϚāϰāĻŖেāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻāĻŦং āϰং āϏāĻŽাāϜ āĻ…āύুāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻšāϝ়।

ā§Ē) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­েāϰ āϧāϰ্āĻŽ āĻšāϞ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ•āϤা।

ā§Ģ) āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻāϰ āϜাāĻ—āϰāĻŖ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļāĻŽāύ āĻ“ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়।

ā§Ŧ) āϏāĻŦ āĻŦāϝ়āϏেāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­েāϰ āĻ…āϏ্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦāϜাāϝ় āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

ā§­) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āϝে āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āϘāϟে āϤাāϰāχ āĻĢāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āϧাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϟ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে।

ā§Ž) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­েāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻĒāĻĨে āύা āϘāϟāϞে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝাāϧিāϰ āφāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϜীāĻŦেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ…āĻĒāϰাāϧāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ…āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ—āϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻ•āϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ--

ā§§) āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻ•াāϜে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖা āϜাāĻ—াāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে।

⧍) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āĻĻৈāύāύ্āĻĻিāύ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻ—্āϞাāύি āĻĻূāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āĻ•āϰে।

ā§Š) āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽাāύিāϝ়ে āϚāϞāϤে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­।

ā§Ē) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āϝেāĻ—ুāϞো āϤাāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻ•ে āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤোāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύেāĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে।

āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ: āĻĒāϰিāĻļেāώে āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ় āϝে- āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻŽূāϞāĻ• āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•ীāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāĻŽāύি āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώোāĻ­ āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āϧাāϰাāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰে।

⧍) āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰ।

āωঃ

āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া: āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•ে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϐāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ…āύৈāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ• āĻāχ āĻĻুāϟি āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāϤে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি। āĻ…āύৈāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ• āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āϏāϚেāϤāύ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āχāϚ্āĻ›াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•াāϜেāχ, āĻ•োāύো āĻ…āύৈāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ• āĻ•াāϜ āϝāĻ–āύ āϐāϚ্āĻ›িāĻ• āĻ•াāϜে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤাāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ় āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ।

āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽাāĻŦāϞী: āύিāĻŽ্āύোāĻ•্āϤ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āĻŦা āϏূāϤ্āϰāĻ—ুāϞো āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύে āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে।

ā§§) āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻ—āĻ āύ: āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĻৃāĻĸ়āϤা āĻ“ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāϝ় āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ। āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨিāϰ āĻ•āϰে āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāϟিāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻ›ে āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĻৃāĻĸ়āϤা āĻ“ āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāϝ়āϏāĻš āϏেāχ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāϟিāĻ•ে āϏুāĻĻৃāĻĸ় āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

⧍) āĻĒুāύঃ āĻĒুāύঃ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ: āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻĒāϰেāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āϜāύিāϤ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻĒুāύঃ āĻĒুāύঃ āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āύিāϝ়āĻŽিāϤ āϚাāϞিāϝ়ে āϝেāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰাāχ āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāϝ়ংāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤা āĻ“ āϏ্āĻŦāϤঃāĻļ্āϚāϞāϤা āĻŦāϜাāϝ় āϰাāĻ–া āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে।

ā§Š) āϜāϟিāϞ āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύ:  āϜāϟিāϞ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϜāϟিāϞ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻŽেāύে āϚāϞাāϰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻ•ে āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Ē) āϧাāϰাāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āϤা: āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āϚāϰ্āϚা āϧাāϰাāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏংāϰāĻ•্āώāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

ā§Ģ) āĻ…āύুāĻ•ূāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ: āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ“ āĻ…āύুāĻ•ূāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

ā§Ŧ) āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύঃ āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϚāϰ্āϚা āĻ•āϰāϞে āϏ্āύাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦাঁāϧা āĻ•āĻŽে āϝাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϏেāχ āĻ•াāϜāϟি āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়।

ā§­) āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻĒāϰāϤা: āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϞে āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻĒāϰāϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ। āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻ­োāϰāĻŦেāϞা āĻ“āĻ াāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦো āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰে āϏেāϟা āφāϜ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύা āĻ•āϰে āφāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻŽাāϏেāϰ ā§§āϞা āϤাāϰিāĻ– āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰāĻŦ। āĻāχāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­েāĻŦে āϰাāĻ–āϞে āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āύা।

āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ: āĻ•াāϜেāχ, āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻ—āϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ…āĻĒāϰিāĻšাāϰ্āϝ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖীāϝ় āφāϚāϰāĻŖāĻ—ুāϞি āϝāϤāχ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšāĻŦে, āϤāϤāχ āύāϤুāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻšāĻŦে।
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Wednesday, 18 December 2019

B.A 3rd year (UGB) āĻāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ“ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ

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āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻ“ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻ•ী āĻŦোāĻ? āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ—ুāϞি āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰ।
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰ।
       āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ: āϝে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āώা āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•েāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻŦা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ āĻŦāϞে।
       āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ: āϝে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϝ় āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āύা āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤাāϰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏāϤ্āϤা āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āϤাāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻŦা āĻ“ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ āĻŦāϞে।
      āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ: āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝāĻ—ুāϞি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āύিāĻŽ্āύে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞ---
ā§§) āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āϏুāĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒিāϤ āĻĒāĻĨে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āφāϚাāϰ-āφāϚāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ, āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি, āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•াāϰāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒāύ্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।
⧍) āĻāχ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧিāĻ• āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϤাāϰ āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧিāĻ• āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύāĻ•ে āĻ•াāϜে āϞাāĻ—িāϝ়ে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ়।
ā§Š) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻž āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤা āχ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āĻ…āύুāϧাāĻŦāύে āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻŦāϧাāύে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰী āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āύিāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āĻŦāϞে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।
ā§Ē) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āĻŦāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻāϤ্āϤ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύেāϰ āωāĻĒাāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•িāύা āϤা āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āύা।
ā§Ģ) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āĻ—্āϰাāĻšāĻ• āĻšিāϏাāĻŦেāχ āϏুāύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤাāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϏুāύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻ•েāϰ, āϤাāχ āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āϤিāύিāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻ•āϞ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖে āϤাঁāϰāχ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϏāϰ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ•।
ā§Ŧ) āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤা āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ় āĻĨাāĻ•েāύ āĻāĻŦং āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻāĻ–াāύে āύীāϰāĻŦ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āύিāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•েāύ।
āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ: āύিāĻŽ্āύে  āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ—ুāϞি āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞ--
ā§§) āĻāχ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĻাāύে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŦা āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏāϤ্āϤা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
⧍) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤা āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻĻিāϝ়ে āύিāϜেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻŦāϞāϤে āĻĻেāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϤে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻ…āύেāĻ•াংāĻļে āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• (āϜāϟ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϰ) āφāύāύ্āĻĻ āωāĻĒāĻ­োāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ।
ā§Š) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āύিāϜেāχ āύিāϜেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϏāϚেāϤāύ āĻšোāύ āĻāĻŦং āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϜাāĻ—্āϰāϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāϝ়ী āĻŽāύোāĻ­াāĻŦ āύিāϝ়ে āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύে āϏāϚেāώ্āϟ āĻšāύ।
ā§Ē) āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āϜাāύাāϰ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤাāĻ•ে āĻ•োāύ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāϝ় āύা āϏেāĻšেāϤু āϤাāĻ•ে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻ…āϤীāϤ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āϜাāύাāϰ āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŽāύāϏ্āϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•োāύ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ় āύা।
ā§Ģ) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āϰা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏāϤ্āϤাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āφāϏ্āĻĨাāĻŦাāύ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āύিāϜেāχ āύিāϜেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻāχ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĒোāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āϤাāχ āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤা āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ āϝাāϤে āĻ•āϰে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏ্āĻŦেāϚ্āĻ›াāϝ় āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•াāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻেāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϤিāύি āφāϤ্āĻŽāύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāĻļীāϞ āĻšāϝ়ে āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāĻ•ে āĻ•াāϜে āϞাāĻ—িāϝ়ে āύিāϜেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύে āĻŦ্āϰāϤী āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ।
ā§Ŧ) āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤাāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻšāύ āϝে āϤিāύি āύিāϜে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāĻŦ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ“ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāώāϝ় āĻ–োāϞা āĻŽāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āωāĻĻ্āϝāϤ āĻšāύ।
ā§­) āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧাāϰাāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤাāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϞেāĻ“ āϚāϰāĻŽ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖে āϤিāύি āύিāϜেāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύেāύ।
ā§Ž) āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāύে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļāĻĻাāϤাāϰ āĻšৃāĻĻāϝ়ে āϏāĻž্āϚাāϰিāϤ āφāĻŦেāĻ—েāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāϰোāĻĒ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।
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Wednesday, 11 December 2019

B.A. 3rd year āĻāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āύোāϟ (āĻ—ৌāĻĄ়āĻŦāĻ™্āĻ— āχāωāύিāĻ­াāϰ্āϏিāϟি)

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āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ: āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻŦা āĻ…-āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻŦা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύিāϰূāĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ।

āωঃ

āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা: āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āϝেāϏāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা, āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি, āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻāĻŦং āϤাā§ŽāĻĒāϰ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻŖāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āϏāĻŦāχ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āϤাāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ় āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা।

āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা: āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ•্āώা āϝেāĻ—ুāϞি āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•েāϰা āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϰ্āĻĨে āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āύীāϤিāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ•ে āφংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽেāύে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύেāύ।

āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ  āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ: āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āϰেāĻ–ে āϤুāϞāύাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ•āϟি āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϚোāĻ–ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে। āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ—ুāϞি āύিāĻŽ্āύে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞ - 

ā§§) āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϧāϰ্āĻŽী, āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ—āϤ āĻ“ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝাāĻŦāϞী āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāϝ়। āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝেāĻ•োāύো āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ­েāĻĻে āϏāĻ•āϞেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ, āϏেāϤু āωāĻĒāϰোāĻ•্āϤ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝাāĻŦāϞী āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĻিāĻ•ে, āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻĒāĻĻāĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϧāϰ্āĻŽী āĻāĻŦং āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ­েāĻĻে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āϚিāύ্āϤা āĻ•āϰে āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ়।

⧍) āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻĒāĻĻāĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϜ্āĻžেāϰ āϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ—েāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤাāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚিāϤ। 

āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে, āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻĒāĻĻāĻ—ুāϞিāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤাāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āĻāĻŦং āĻāχ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāύিāϰ্āϧাāϰিāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύা āĻāĻŦং āĻŽোāϟাāĻŽুāϟি āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āϜাāύাāχ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ়।

ā§Š) āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻŽাāύ āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļ āĻŽাāύ āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰেāχ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϝোāĻ—্āϝāϤা āϜাāύা āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা।

ā§Ē) āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ“ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŖāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļ āφāĻ—ে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāύিāϰ্āϧাāϰিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āωāĻ•্āϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āχāϚ্āĻ›াāύুāϏাāϰে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

ā§Ģ) āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāĻŽাāύ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…āϰ্āϜিāϤ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ  āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āϤাā§ŽāĻĒāϰ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻŖāϝ়েāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻšāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύা āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻ–াāύে āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŽāϤ āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻ…āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϜāύāĻ• āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে।

 āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ: āĻĒāϰিāĻļেāώে āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ় āϝে, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻŽেāύে āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāϏāϰ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώা āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϰীāϤিāύীāϤি āĻŽাāύা āύা āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻĒাāϰāĻĻāϰ্āĻļিāϤা āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒে āĻāĻŦং āϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤিāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻĒে āĻāχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ•্āώা āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦāĻšুāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ।  āϤāĻŦে āφāĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞীāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়āĻ•্āϰāĻŽিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāĻŽাāĻĢিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāϏāϰ āĻšāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āϟি āϝে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύāϏāĻŽ্āĻŽāϤ āĻ“ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϤা āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ় āύা।
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B.A. 3rd year āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻāϰ āύোāϟ (Education) ugb

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āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ: āϏংāĻ—āϤি āĻŦিāϧাāύেāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰ।

āωāϤ্āϤāϰ:

āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύেāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ: āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰāĻŦāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া। āĻŽাāύুāώ āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে। āϜāύ্āĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϏে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŽা āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻŦাāϰ āĻ…āϧীāύ। āϏে āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϤাāϰ āϜৈāĻŦিāĻ• āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা āĻĒāϰিāϤৃāĻĒ্āϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϤাāĻ•ে āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āϏে āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻŦাāĻš্āϝিāĻ• āϜāĻ—āϤ āϤাāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ…āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻ“ āϧোঁāϝ়াāϰ āĻŽāϤো। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻŦাāĻĄ়াāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āϏে āϏংāĻŦেāĻĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻ—ুāϞিāĻ•ে āϤিāύ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়। āϝāĻĨা- āϜৈāĻŦিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ, āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ। āϜৈāĻŦিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞি āĻšāϞ āϜীāĻŦāύ āϧাāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻāĻ•াāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা। āϝেāĻŽāύ- āϜāϞ, āĻŦাāϝ়ু, āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ, āĻŦāϏ্āϤ্āϰ, āĻŦাāϏāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻŽাāύুāώ āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻŽাāύ āϜীāĻŦ āϤাāχ āϤাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাāĻ“ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻেāϝ়। āϝেāĻŽāύ- āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা, āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤাāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা, āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা, āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āώোāĻ­িāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি। āĻāĻ—ুāϞি āĻšāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ। āφāĻŦাāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻŽেāϞাāĻŽেāĻļাāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা, āĻĻāϞ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻšāϞ āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ।

āĻļিāĻļু āϧীāϰে āϧীāϰে āĻ“āχ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏংāĻ—āϤি āĻŦিāϧাāύেāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϏে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŽূāϰ্āϤ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤিāĻ•ে āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āύা āĻ•āϰা āĻ—েāϞে āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ…āĻĒāϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āφāϚāϰāĻŖāĻ—ুāϞি āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়।

āĻļিāĻļু āϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻš্āϝিāĻ• āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŽূāϞāϤ āϤিāύāϟি āωāĻĒাāϝ় āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে -

ā§§) āĻļিāĻļু āϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাāĻ•ে āĻĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻŦা āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

⧍) āϏে āϤাāϰ āĻŦাāĻš্āϝিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϤৃāĻĒ্āϤি āϘāϟাāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

ā§Š) āωāύ্āύāϤ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āĻŦāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

āĻŽāύোāĻŦিāĻĻāϰা āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύāĻ•ে āĻĻুāχ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ-

ā§§) āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤে āĻļিāĻļু āύিāϜেāĻ•ে āĻŽাāύিāϝ়ে āύেāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে। āĻ–িāĻĻে āĻĒেāϞে āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āϜোāĻ—াāĻĄ় āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া।

⧍) āϝāĻ–āύ āϏংāĻ—āϤি āĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏাāĻĢāϞ্āϝ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়। āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϝ় āϏাāĻĢāϞ্āϝ āϞাāĻ­ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏংāĻ—āϤিāĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

āĻ…āύেāĻ•ে āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āύা āĻŦāϞে āϧাāϰাāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϚāϞāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।
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Friday, 6 December 2019

B. A. education note (UGB)

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āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ: āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϜāĻ—āϤে āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰীāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰ।

āωāϤ্āϤāϰ:

 āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া: āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϜāĻ—āϤে āĻāĻ• āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āωāϜ্āϜ্āĻŦāϞ āϜ্āϝোāϤিāώ্āĻ• āĻšāϞেāύ āĻŽাāĻĻাāĻŽ āĻŽাāϰিāϝ়া āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী। āĻĒেāĻļাāĻ—āϤ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϤিāύি āĻ›িāϞেāύ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•। āϤাঁāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖাāϰ āĻŽূāϞে āĻ›িāϞ āϏেāĻŦাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŽāύোāĻ­াāĻŦ। āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ• āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āϞ āϏাāϧāύāχ āĻ›িāϞ āϤাāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ। āϤিāύি āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ, āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻ…āϜ্āĻžāϤাāχ āϤাāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰ্āϝāϝ়েāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ। āϤাāχ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϞে āϤাāϰ āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ, āĻāχ āĻ›িāϞ āϤাāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ। āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻāχ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏেāϰ āĻŦāĻļāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻšāϝ়ে āϤিāύি āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻļিāĻļু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āϰāϚāύাāϝ় āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻ•āϰেāύ।

      āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ:

 āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ: āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻļিāĻļুāχ āϤাāϰ āĻāĻ•াāύ্āϤ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āύিāϝ়ে āϜāύ্āĻŽাāϝ়। āϤাঁāϰ āĻŽāϤে, āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—āϤ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāĻ—ুāϞি āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϧāϰ্āĻŽী। āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻļিāĻļুāχ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻŦাāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ্āϝ āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϞাāĻ­ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻšāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϝ় āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻ•āϰা। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž, āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰীāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϚিāύ্āϤা āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী, āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻšāϞ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āφāϰ āϤাāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻšāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ্āϝেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϝ়āĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϘāϟাāύো।

āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ: āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒাāĻ āĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϤাāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻŽাāĻĢিāĻ• āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে āϤিāύি āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϞেāĻ–া, āĻĒāĻĄ়া āĻāĻŦং āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻāχ āϤিāύāϟি āĻŦিāώāϝ় āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ। āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়া āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ•āϤāĻ—ুāϞি āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻāĻŦং āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϤিāύি āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়েāĻ›েāύ। āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϜেāϰ āĻĻেāĻšেāϰ āϝāϤ্āύ āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ়, āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āϘāϰ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়, āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāϝ়, āϏে āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āϤিāύি āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ। āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻļৈāĻļāĻŦে āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļে āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϤিāύি āĻŦāϝ়āϏোāĻĒāϝোāĻ—ী āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦ্āϝাāϝ়াāĻŽেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨাāĻ“ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ।

āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি: āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ। āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āϤিāύāϟি āĻŽূāϞāύীāϤিāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ: āχāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāϝ় āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāϰ্āϜāύ āφāϰ āύীāϤি; āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϤঃ āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤাāϰ āύীāϤি āĻŦা āϏ্āĻŦāϝ়ং āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āύীāϤি; āĻāĻŦং āϤৃāϤীāϝ়āϤঃ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāϰ āύীāϤি।

āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ, āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāϏāϰāϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻাāϝ়ী āĻšāϞো āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āχāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāϝ়āĻ—ুāϞি।  āχāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽেāχ āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŦাāχāϰেāϰ āϜāĻ—āϤ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϜ্āĻžাāύ āφāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰি। āϤাāχ āĻļিāĻļুāĻ•ে āϏাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽেāχ āϤাāϰ āχāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāϝ়āĻ—ুāϞিāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώিāϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤুāϞāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāχ āύীāϤি āĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ় āχāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāϝ় āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāϰ্āϜāύাāϰ āύীāϤি। āĻāχ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝে āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻāĻ—ুāϞিāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ় āĻĄিāĻĄ্āϝাāĻ•āϟিāĻ• āĻāĻĒাāϰেāϟাāϏ (Didactic Apparatus) āĻāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤাāϝ় āĻļিāĻļুāϰা āϏāĻšāϜে  āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻŖāϝ় āĻ•āϰে, āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি। āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āϤাāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāϏূāϰিāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻļিāĻ–āύেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āφāϤ্āĻŽāϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤাāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āφāϰোāĻĒ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰা āύিāϜেāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟাāϝ় āϝা āĻļিāĻ–āĻŦে, āωāĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻĄিāĻĄ্āϝাāĻ•āϟিāĻ• āĻ…্āϝাāĻĒাāϰেāϟাāϏāĻ—ুāϞিāϤে āϤাāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āϤ্āϰুāϟি āĻĻূāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āϰাāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāχāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāϤ্āĻŽ āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়āϤাāϝ় āĻļেāĻ–াāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ•ে āϤিāύি āύাāĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়েāĻ›েāύ āϏ্āĻŦāϝ়ং āĻļিāĻ–āύ। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāϝ়ং āĻļিāĻ–āύেāϰ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāϞে āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ। āϤাāχ āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ।

āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ›āϝ় āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϰāϚিāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϤে āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে āϤিāύ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āύুāĻļীāϞāύেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āφāĻ›ে।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ: āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύ āϝাāĻĒāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—ী āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•াāĻĒāĻĄ় āĻ•াāϚা, āύāĻ– āĻ•াāϟা, āĻĻাঁāϤ āĻŽাāϜা, āϘāϰ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āĻļেāĻ–াāύো āĻšāϝ়। āĻāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ•ে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻৈāĻšিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļে āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়, āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āϤাāϰা āϜীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāĻŦāϞীāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।

āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϤঃ āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āϤাāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϤে āĻĄিāĻĄ্āϝাāĻ•āϟিāĻ• āĻ…্āϝাāĻĒাāϰেāϟাāϏ āĻāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝে āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āχāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ•āϰেāύ। āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āφāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ েāϰ āϟুāĻ•āϰো, āĻ•াāĻ—āϜ,  āφāϏāĻŦাāĻŦāĻĒāϤ্āϰ, āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা, āĻĒেāύ্āϏিāϞ,  āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϰāĻ™েāϰ āωāϞ, āĻŦাāĻ•্āϏ, āϘāĻŖ্āϟা, āϘāύāĻ• āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻāχāϏāĻŦ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু-āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰীāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰ, āφāϝ়āϤāύ, āϰং, āĻ“āϜāύ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

āϤৃāϤীāϝ়āϤঃ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨাāĻ—āϤ āϞেāĻ–া, āĻĒāĻĄ়া āĻ“ āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻĻাāύেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āφāĻ›ে।

āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•েāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা: āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϤে āĻļিāĻļুāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŦাāϧ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāϝ়ং āĻļিāĻ–āύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āϤাāχ āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϤে āĻļিāĻ•্āώিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϧāϰāύেāϰ। āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĻাāϝ়িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻšāϞ āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻļিāĻ–āύ āĻĒ্āϰāϚেāώ্āϟাāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰিāϤ āĻĒāĻĨে āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা। āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āϤাāϰ āĻāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώিāĻ•া āĻŦা āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ—ুāĻŖাāĻŦāϞী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ - " Virtues and not words are the main qualifications of the teacher. She should be  partly a scientist, partly a doctor and completely religious." āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ• āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ• āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝāϤ āϰāĻ•āĻŽেāϰ āĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ• āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ, āϤা āĻļিāĻ•্āώিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĨাāĻ•া āωāϚিā§Ž। 

āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ: āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰীāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϚিāύ্āϤা āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύাāύা āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ­াāĻŦে āϤাঁāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āφāϧুāύিāĻ•āĻ•াāϞে āĻļিāĻļু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āφāϏāύ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āϤāĻŦে āϤাāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϚিāύ্āϤাāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āϤাā§ŽāĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ āĻšāϞো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ। āϤিāύি āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻļিāĻļুāĻ•ে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύāĻŦোāϧে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāχ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻ…āύেāĻ•ে āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰেāύ āĻŽāύ্āϤেāϏāϰী āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖী āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϘāĻŖ্āϟা āĻŦাāϜিāϝ়েāĻ›েāύ।

English version

Discuss the role of Montserri in the education world.

 Answer:

  Introduction: Madam Maria Montesri is one of the brightest astrologers in the world of education.  He was a doctor by profession.  At the core of his motivation was a serviceable attitude.  The main purpose of his life was to achieve the overall well-being of man.  He realized that ignorance of man was the cause of all the disasters in his life.  So in order to improve the people overall, he needed proper education, it was his belief in life.  In line with this belief in life, he spends most of his life writing policies and procedures for child education.

       Mantisari's contribution to education:

  Learning Objective: Montserri believed that every child was born with his own unique qualities and abilities.  According to him, it is religious to develop the child's innate traits and abilities.  Each child will develop from his or her own individuality.  The goal of education will be to help every child develop self-development.  That is to say, according to Montserri's teaching, education is the process of development and its purpose is to introduce the individual to the individual's life.

 Curriculum: Montessori only presented his commentary on the child's education curriculum.  In the regular curriculum, he tells the children to keep writing, reading and math in three subjects.  He also emphasized on developing certain habits and skills necessary for life.  He said that the habits and skills of how to take care of your body, how to clean your house, how to keep your clothes clean, etc.  He also mentioned some age-appropriate exercises to help with physical development in childhood.

 Teaching Methods: The teaching method introduced by the Montessori is known as the Montessori Method.  This method is based on three principles.  Firstly, the sense refinement and the principle;  Secondly, the principle of activism or self-education;  And thirdly, the principle of independence.

 Montesari says children's senses are responsible for their mental development.  It is through the senses that we acquire knowledge from the outside world.  Therefore, in order to properly teach a child, one must first educate his or her senses.  This principle is called sense refinement.  For this purpose he made a variety of materials.  These are called Didactic Apparatus, with the help of which children can easily distinguish between different stimuli and react.  Montesari, like his predecessors, emphasized the child's self-interest in learning.  Deductive apparatuses invented by students to learn what they were trying to do, so that students were eliminated in error.  In this way, he called the process of self-learning self-learning.  On the other hand, freedom is needed to give students the opportunity to learn for themselves.  That is why Montesari has accepted independence as a worthy medium of education.

 The Montessori teaching system was generally designed to educate children for up to six years.  In this way, there are three aspects of practice in the curriculum.

 In the first place, children are taught tasks like cutting, nailing, brushing their teeth, cleaning their house, etc.  This kind of work helps them develop their physical development on the one hand, and on the other hand they are introduced to the direct activities of life.

 Secondly, Montsari arranges for the training of children's senses with the help of Didactic Apparatus in his method.  Children of different sizes, such as pieces of paper, furniture, different types of coins, pencils, wools of different colors, boxes, bells, cube, etc. are given ideas about the size, volume, color, weight, etc. of the children.

 Thirdly, there are specialized systems for teaching formal writing, reading and mathematics.

 Teacher's idea: In the monastic system, children are given free freedom and emphasis is placed on their self-learning.  Therefore, the role of the educator in this method is also special.  Her main responsibility is to guide the child's learning efforts in the prescribed way.  Montessori describes the essential qualities of her teacher - "Virtues and not words are the main qualifications of the teacher. She must be a scientist, a doctor and completely religious."  That is, the teacher should have the kind of human qualities needed to help the children in the overall direction.

 Comment: Montserri's education has influenced the modern education system in many ways.  In particular, the method introduced by him has taken a permanent seat in the education of children in modern times.  However, the most significant contribution to his education is the introduction of a person-centered education system.  He said each child should be monitored individually and if necessary, the education system should be administered separately.  For this reason, many people think that Montserri has played the death knell for the classroom education system.
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