MCQ OF THE POETRY OF EARTH

 THE POETRY OF EARTH

                   John Keats

Choose the Correct Option from the Alternatives Provided 

1) The poetry of earth is never- 

(a) alive (✓b) dead (c) eternal (d) immortal 

2. "The Poetry of Earth" is a - 

(✓a) sonnet (b) lyric (d) narrative poem () war poenm

 3. "The poetry of earth is never dead..."- Here 'poetry' refers to- 

(✓a) music (b) composition (d) rhythm (c) narration

4)  "The poetry of earth is never dead :" Here 'earth' refers to 

(a) rock (b) soil (c) globe (✓d) nature

 5) According to Keats, birds are faint with - 

(a) storm (b) cold (✓c) hot sun (d) hail

 6) "When all the birds are faint with the hot sun, .." - Here the word 'faint' means 

(a) conscious (b) dead () injured (✓d) unconscious

 7) The birds hide in cooling trees due to - 

(a) rain (b) frost (✓c) heat (d) landslide 

8) The sun in the poem 'The Poetry of Earth' is -  

(a) mild (b) pleasant (c) yellow (d✓) hot

 9) "And hide in cooling trees, ..."- The word 'hide' means - 

(a✓) taking shelter (b) going away (c) making fun (d) only dancing

 10) When all the birds are faint with the hot sun, they hide in cooling --

 (✓a) trees (c) caves (b) bushes (d) cotes

 11) " ... a voice will run" -- It is the voice of - 

(a) bee (c) Cricket (b✓) Grasshopper (d) bird

12) The voice of the Grasshopper runs from-  (a) field to field (b) flower to flower

 (✓c) hedge to hedge (d) forest to forest 

13) The Grasshopper sings in - 

(a) winter (✓b) summer (c) autumn (d) spring.

14) The voice of the Grasshopper will run from hedge to hedge about freshly cut --

(a) trees  (b) garden (c✓) Mead (d) leaves 

15) "... a voice will run From hedge to hedge" - The word 'hedge means a line of - 

(a) hazes (b) buds (c) hazels (✓d) bushes 

16) The Grasshopper is an agent of-

 (a✓) summer (b) winter  (c) autumn (d) spring

17) ... about the new-mown mead; " - The word 'mead' means - 

(a) pond (b) middle (✓c) meadow  (d) crop 

18) "That is the Grasshopper" - Here That refers to --------- the of the Grasshopper. 

(a) beauty (b) liveliness (c) idleness (d✓) voice

 19) When birds are faint with the hot sun,  summer song is carried out by -

(a) the Cricket (b✓) the Grasshopper  (c) the wind  (d) the clouds. 

20) " - he takes the lead" - Who is 'he' referred to here? 

(a) the poet (b✓) the Grasshopper (c) the Cricket (d) the fly

21) In the scorching heat of summer, the Grasshopper feels - 

(a) sorrow  (b) tired (✓c) happy (d) safe

22) " --- he takes the lead" Here the word 'lead' means - 

 (a) position  (b) leadership (c) control  (d✓) role

23) The Grasshopper takes the lead in the luxury of - (✓a) summer (b) winter (c) autumn  (d) spring

 24) "In summer luxury" - Here the word 'luxury' means - 

(a) richness (b✓) delight (c) brightness (d) comfort.

25) "In summer luxury..." Who enjoys 'summer luxury'? 

(a) the Cricket (b) the bird (c✓) the Grasshopper (d) the poet 

26) "- he has never done With his delights ;..." Who is 'he' referred to here? 

(a) the poet (b) the bird (c) the Cricket   (✓d) the Grasshopper

 27 "- he has never done With his delights; Whose delights never come to an end? 

(a) the Cricket (b) the poet(c) the bird (✓d) the Grasshopper

28 "... for when tired out with fun" - Who is tired out with fun? 

(a) the poet (b) the Cricket (c) the poetry (✓d) the Grasshopper  

29) "... for when tired out with fun" - Here the word 'fun' means  

 (✓a) merriment  (b) sports (c) jokes (d) fan 

30) "He rests at ease beneath some .... " --- Who is  'he' referred to here ? 

(a) the poet (✓b) the Grasshopper(c) the poet's friend (d) the Cricket.

31) "He rests at ease beneath some ..." – The expression 'at ease' means -

 (a) easily (b) calmly (✓c) comfortably (d) readily

 32) The Grasshopper is tired out with 

(a) heat (b) cold (c✓) fun (d) hard work.

 33) "He rests at ease beneath some..." – The word 'beneath' means 

(a) behind (b) before (✓c) under (d) besides 

34) When the Grasshopper is tired, he takes rest beneath some pleasant - 

(✓a) weed (b) wedge (c) weather  (d) willow

35) "... beneath some pleasant weed."- The word 'weed' means- 

(✓a) unwanted wild plant (b) wide plant (c) tree (d) group of plants 

36) How is the weed as mentioned in the sonnet 'The Poetry of Earth' ? 

(✓a) pleasant (b) unpleasant  (c) cold (d) frosty

37) The poetry of earth is ceasing- 

(a) forever  (b✓) never (c) once (d) twice 

38) "The Poetry of earth is ceasing never :" - The word 'ceasing' means –

 (a) seizing (b) trading (c) happening (✓d) stopping 

 39) How is the winter evening in the sonnet "The Poetry of Earth'? 

(a) pleasant (b✓) lone  (c) noisy (d) hot 

40) "On a lone winter evening, ." – The word 'lone' means - 

(a) single (b) isolated (✓c) solitary  (d) unhappy 

41) What has wrought a silence on a lone winter evening? 

(a) the Cricket (b) the sun  (✓c) the frost  (d) the Grasshopper 

 42) In "The Poetry of Earth" the frost represents - (a) the summer (b) the autumn  (c) the spring (✓d) the winter 

43) "....... when the frost Has wrought a silence," -- The word 'wrought' means- 

(✓a) made (b) shown  (c) spoken (d) Sung

 44) '... from the stove there shrills" - What shrills from the stove? 

(a) the Grasshopper's voice (b✓) the Cricket's song (c) the bird's song (d) none of the above 

45 from the stove there shrills" – The 'stove' stands for - 

(a) coldness (✓b) warmth (c) solitariness (d) liveliness

46 "... from the stove there shrills" - The word 'shrill' means 

(a) musical sound (b) high sound (✓c) piercing sound (d) low sound 

47) The Cricket finds comfort somewhere near- (a) a forest (b) a new-mown mead  (✓c) a stove (d) a bush 

48. The Cricket is an agent of - (a✓) winter (b) (c) summer (d) autumn

49) " ... in warmth increasing ever," What is increasing ever in warmth?

 (a) The Grasshopper's song (b) The bird's song (✓c) The Crickeť's song (d) The poet's song 

50 ". in warmth increasing ever," The word 'increasing' means -

 (✓a) growing (b) extending (c) developing (d) including 

51) "And seems to one in drowsiness half lost," - The word 'drowsiness' means -

 (a) sleeplessness (b) quietness (c✓) sleepiness (d) numbness

 52 "And seems to one in drowsiness half lost" - The word 'half lost means - 

(a) asleep (b) half-spent (c✓) half asleep (d) half-achieved

53) " ... one in drowsiness half lost" - One is half lost in drowsiness due to a spell of- 

(✓a) frosty weather (b) summer weather (c) magic (d) rains

 54)  "... among some grassy hills" - The word 'grassy' means - 

(a) covered with weeds (✓b) covered with grass (c) full of leaves (d) covered with flowers 

 55) "And seems to one in drowsiness---"  The Cricket's song seems to one to be the song of 

(a) the bird (b) the nature (✓c) the Grasshopper (d) the poet

 56) Grasshoppers fly in England 

(a) in autumn (b) in spring (c) in winter (✓d) in summer

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Project Work: Extension of the story 'Karma'

                      A

          PROJECT 

           REPORT

               ON  

EXTENSION OF A STORY 

                         Entitled 

                     KARMA

                     by Khushuant Singh

BANSIHARI BALIKA VIDYALAYA (H.S.)            

 P.O. Buniadpur, Dist. Dakshin Dinajpur

                  

                      Project Work

                       Submitted by

 Name of the Student.................................................

 Roll No. …………………Section ...............................

 Registration No……………………(2019-2020)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project Report entitled EXTENSION OF KHUSHWANT SING'S SHORT STORY ‘KARMA’ prepared by ___________________ Class XI Roll No._______ Registration No. ______________ Year 201…-1…. submitted in partial fulfilment to class XI English Course during the academic year 201…-1… is a bonafied record of project work carried out under my guidance and supervision.

                              Signature of the Project Guide

                                                                           

      Name: ………………………………………

                                                                            

    Designation: …Assistant teacher

                                                                               

     Department:    English

                                                                          

   School: ………………………………………………

                                                                                          

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

      The project, EXTENSION OF KHUSHWANT SINGH'S SHORT STORY, 'KARMA, has provided me with ample scope of learning through collaborative activity. I consider myself fortunate to have worked under Mr Amar Sengupta, whose support made my project-based learning quite joyful. I am grateful to him.

      Mr Shubhamay Mazumder has rendered important suggestions for the improvement of the project work. I cannot help acknowledging his contribution with gratitude. 

     I would like to thank Mr Chandan Basak for his precise suggestions which were very conducive to the accomplishment of the project work. 

      I owe my gratitude to Mr Ananta Ghose for his continuous support. And I am also grateful to my friends and my parents who have helped me to complete the project work.

                     Signature of the Student     

                        ...........…......                              

   

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Introduction

Methods and Techniques

 Output of the Project 

Conclusion

 References

 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project in our Syllabus 

The West Bengal Council for Higher Secondary Education has included the Project Work in the new syllabus of English as mandatory. The Project Work is to be written within 2000- 2500 words. In class XI, the three topics which have been selected for the Project Work are as follows: 

(i) Dramatization of a Story

(ii) Extension of a Story

 (iii) Writing an Autobiography 

     Out of the three topics, we chose the second- Extension of a story, as our project.

 1.2 Objectives 

(i) We will be able to dovelop our creative imagination. 

(ii) We learn how to extend a story following the end of particular story as the beginning.

 (iii) We learn how to portray different characters and to arrange events coherently.

 (iv) We learn how experience can be transformed to art. 

1.3 Resources 

The prescribed text book that contains stories is the resource. 

 1.4 Gulding Principles

 (i) Extension of the story depends on the realisation of the characters and events.

 (ii) Creative Imagination is of course very crucial in the extension of the story. 

(iii) Reading habit helps one to extend the story because rich experience is conducive to this kind of project work. 

(iv) Character portrayal is very important. A flat character may become a round one in keeping with the events of the story.

 (v) Rearrangement of the sequence of events may be needed to establish unity with the new end. 

(vi) The story which has been an extended one must end meaningfully.

 1.5 Limitations 

(i) Time for the whole project work is limited.

 (ii) We have not read many stories written in English. 

(II) At times we lack expressions because English is not our mother tongue.

 (iv) The structures of the short story are not known to us quite clearly. 

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 

2.1 Introduction 

   There are some definite steps in the making of the project- Extension of a Story. We have chosen a suitable story for the project. Our teacher has provided us with the routine of day- wise activities. Only ten periods have been fixed for the whole task. We have worked in groups. An account of the collaborative activities along with methods and techniques are given in this chapter. 

2.2 First Day 

(i) We chose Khushwant Singh's short story, 'Karma', the project- Extension of a Story.

 (ii) We read out the story aloud in the class.

 (iii) We studied the characters, especially the characters Sir Mohan and his wife, very carefully. 

(iv) We came to know about the prejudice and snobbery Sir Mohan. In the extension of the story his disposition is essential. 

(v) We learned the background of the story. Historical perspective was no doubt crucial. India was then under British rule; and we realised that we could focus on it in the extension of the story.

 (vi) We were asked to review the main events of the story.

2.3 Second Day

 On the second day we began writing 'Paragraph One:-  'on the board and filling in the blank with what happened first the extension of the story. We thought about the setting and characters involved in that narrative. In this way, we divided the story into some events which would be narrated in specific paragraphs. 

2.4 Third Day

 (i) We formed groups. Each group was assigned to write a particular paragraph in the development of the story. 

(ii) We read out the narrative and discussed enough to change the structures and words in order to present the story more convincingly.

 (iii) We wrote the dialogues on the board for modifications. 

(iv) We repeated the same activity of modification and rectification for improvement. 

2.5 Fourth Day

 (i) We developed a manuscript following the instructions of our teacher. 

(ii) Our teacher asked us to read the manuscript once again.

2.6 Fifth Day 

(i) Copies of the manuscripts were distributed to each group; and they were asked to read the narrative once again. They were also asked to give their suggestions to make the story more coherent. 

(ii) We reviewed every situation, dialogue, and the character portrayal in keeping with the new suggestions. 

(iii) We decided to make the extension more concise. 

2.7 Sixth Day 

(i) Each group made necessary changes and submitted the manuscript.

2.8 Seventh Day 

 (i) We read out every manuscript.

 2.9 Eighth Day

 (i) We worked together to write the final manuscript.

2.10 Ninth Day 

 (i) We read aloud the final extension of the story. 

2.11 Tenth Day: Evaluation be

 (i) Finally, we submitted the Project Report for Evaluation.

 

 OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT

The collaborative project work has resulted in the extension of a story. we have developed the script by working in groups.

  EXTENSION OF A STORY

                            KARMA

     Sir Mohan Lal was at his wit's end. He wanted to give a strong punch to the soldier's face. He wanted to take revenge. But he thought for a moment. He decided he should not do such kind of thing. He thought perhaps none would help and support him. He wanted to remenmber his past days of struggle, success and failure. He thought about his special action and fancied English, his books, politics and people, his bottle of whisky, his English cigarettes and his English newspaper. He bragged of his association with Oxford colleges, rugby matches and Piccadilly prostitudes. But all these went in vain.

      He glanced at his thrown away bedding and suitease. He extended his arms to get them. Then he saw a group of soldiers coming towards him. They criticised him and addressed him as Nigro. Then Mohan Lal's cheeks turned red in anger. He rushed to the room of the station-master off the station to lodge a complaint against the soldiers in his coupe and on the platform and against the guard of the train. Entering the room of the station master, he saw another English in a busy mood. He gave the details of the incidents and the busy station-master in an indifferent way note down the complaint. He also told him that his wife had been in the train that he missed.

      Suddenly he remembered that he left his bedding and suitcase outside the room. He went towards them in a frantic way. However he got his bedding and suitcase. He then heaved a sigh of relief. Then a coolie came to him. He said, "Sir, what happened ?" It was the same coolie who helped Lady Lal to board on the train. So Mohan Lal did not answer and pretended as if he did not hear him. The coolie said, "The last train to town had passed." The coolie also asked him to stay with him in his cottage which was very near to the station. Sir Mohan at first was puzzled to hear the coolie's offer. But when he understood the fact, he dccided to go with him and to stay in his cottage. In the cottage the coolie gave a heartrendering details of his past and present life. Sir Mohan also gave the details of his life. Then Sir Mohan asked, "What do you think  about Mahatma Gandhi and his freedom struggle?" The coolie described Gandhi's Satyagraha movement, Quit India movement etc. and requested the babu to love India.

  

      Sir Mohan understood and he could not sleep. He spent the rest of the night in a sleepless condition. He thought how India was being tortured by the British. He thought of his Indian wife, the coolie, the British soldiers, guards and the station-master. He heard the sound of the cock. He opened the window. He saw that the coolie with his wife prepared food for him. He got up and ate the food. He then went to the station with the coolie to get some news about his wife from the enquiry counter. He heard the announcement of a coming train and the name of his wife. He ran towards the Zenana compartment. He saw his wife, Lachmi. She was escorted by two lady GRPs. She was crying and washing her eyes with the end of her red borderd saree out of fear and anxiety. One of the lady GRPs asked Lachmi, "Is this your husban?" Lachmi answered,  "Yes, he is my master." Sir Mohan realised his fault. He became a changed man. . He asked his wife to stay beside him. His wife asked, "What's the matter?" He took a small seat among the common passangers without giving answer. Being drunk the passangers around him moved aside. He took a betel leaf from his wife and began to chew. His wife could not understand the situation. Sir Mohan gave the details of his experience in past few hours. Then they went toward their house. He confessed his guilt and utter meaninglessness of his lurking ambition and decided to spend the rest of his life in a simple way. Lachmi said nothing. Tears rolled down from her cheeks. Sir Mohan requested his wife to stay with him in the ground floor. There after they cut a peaceful life.

CONCLUSION

      In conclusion, we offer a few cautions. First, stories and storytelling shouldn't be approached merely or only for "public relations" and marketing purposes. Stories are a way of knowing. If we rush to clean or airbrush troubling things out of our stories, we'll lose a great deal of their value. And what we end up with will be untrustworthy and misleading. Of course, we do and can use stories for public relations. But we must be cautious of the reasons and ways we do so and strive to be honest, truthful, and trustworthy.

      We shouldn't miss the fact that honest storytelling is risky when it is done or presented in public settings. Writing the extension of a story will help us to assess our work also. 

  REFERENCES

 Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary :  A Current Course. Delhi : OUP, 2000. Print

 WBCHSE, Mindscapes: 

Higher Secondary English Selections. Kolkata :

 Orient BlackSwan, 2014. Print

 WBCHSE, A Text Book of English (B):

 Rapid Reader and A Book on ESP and Project. Kolkata : 

Deep Prakashan, 2013. Print

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An Essay

 Write an essay about honesty is the best policy.

Ans.

HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY

Honesty cannot be only a policy. This can be a principle. There is a difference between policy and principle. A policy is  changed. You change it when no policy  pays. But a principle does not change. You do not and cannot change a principle even if it causes loss, You suffer and even lay down your life for a principle. But policy is just a matter of convenience. It is a kind of business that thinks in terms of loss or profit.

 Can honesty be just a matter of policy? No. Honesty is the best of wealth. The reward of honesty is honesty itself, for there is nothing better than honesty. Character is the crown of life and honesty is the crown of character itself. No one can be good or great without truth and honesty. Truth and honesty are not different things. There can be no honesty without truth. They are one and the same. So, all great men have always led an honest life.

Honesty is necessary for real happiness. You can never be happy if you are not honest. A dishonest man get very rich. He may enioy all the comforts of life. But he cannot be happy. He may cheat the whole world but how can he cheat his own soul? A dishonest person can never enjoy sound sleep. He is always in fear of something. This sense of fear cannot give him rest. An honest man may be poor. He may have to lead a hard life. But still he is happy.

But to-day almost everybody is dishonest. Honesty does not give wealth and power. Honest people have to suffer a lot. They are hungry and naked. But dishonest people have become very rich and powerful. Dishonesty, and not honesty, has become their policy. But it never means that dishonesty is better than honesty. Even dishonest people claim that they are honest. What does it prove? It proves the greatness of honesty. Who can hide the sun of honesty? The cloud of dishonesty mạy hide the sun for some time. But can a cloud hide the sun for ever? 

<<<<<<<<c>>>>>>>

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A question and answer of "The Poetry of Earth”

 Justify the significance of the title of the sonnet "The Poetry of Earth". 

[ "The Poetry of Earth” সনেটটির নামকরণের তাৎপর্য বিচার করাে।] 6 

 ANS. In the poem "The Poetry of Earth", Keats expresses the idea that the music of nature never ends. When the birds are exhausted by the scorching heat of summer, the song of the grasshopper runs from hedge to hedge. It keeps nature alive when the natural world goes quiet because of heat in summer. Similarly, the song of the cricket  breaks the frosty silence of the winter snow. By highlighting the content of the sonnet, Keats wants to show that the poetry of earth is indeed a music of nature. And that this song will continue in spite of the changes in the season- cycle.  Hence the title of the poem is appropriate. 

বঙ্গানুবাদ:

“The Poetry of Earth" সনেটে কিটস এই ধারণা ব্যক্ত করেছেন যে প্রকৃতির গান কখনও শেষ হয় না। পাখিরা যখন গ্রীষ্মের প্রখর তাপে অবসন্ন হয়ে পড়ে, তখন ঘাসফড়িংয়ের গান এক ঝােপ থেকে অন্য ঝােপে ভেসে বেড়ায়। এটি প্রকৃতিকে প্রাণবন্ত রাখে যখন গ্রীষ্মকালে প্রখর তাপে প্রাকৃতিক জগৎ স্তব্ধ হয়ে যায়। ঠিক একইভাবে ঝিঁঝিঁ পােকার গান শীতকালে তুষার শীতল নিস্তবতা ভঙ্গ করে। সনেটের বিষয়বস্তুটি ফুটিয়ে তুলে, কিটস বােঝাতে চেয়েছেন যে পৃথিবীর কবিতা হল প্রকৃতপক্ষে প্রকৃতির গান। আর এই গান ঋতুচক্রে পরিবর্তন সত্ত্বেও চলতেই থাকবে। তাই কবিতাটির নামকরণ যথার্থ । 

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অমাধ্যম অনুমান: আবর্তনের বিবর্তন করো।

           অমাধ্যম অনুমান

 নিচের বাক্যগুলি আবর্তনের বিবর্তন করো।

১) মানুষ মাত্রই পরিশ্রমী।

L.F.  : A - সকল মানুষ হয় পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি। (আবর্তনীয়)

: . I - কোন কোন পরিশ্রমই ব্যক্তি হয় মানুষ। ( আবর্তিত)

: . O -কোন কোন পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি নয় অ-মানুষ। (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)

(২) কেবলমাত্র বৈজ্ঞানিকরাই প্রগতিশীল।

L.F. : A— সকল প্রগতিশীল ব্যক্তি হয় বৈজ্ঞানিক। (আবর্তনীয়) 

 : . I— কোনাে কোনাে বৈজ্ঞানিক হয় প্রগতিশীল ব্যক্তি (আবর্তিত)। 

 : . O— কোনো কোনাে বৈজ্ঞানিক  নয় অ - প্রগতিশীল (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত )। 

(৩) যা নিরাপদ তা উত্তেজক নয়। 

L.F. :  E— কোনাে নিরাপদ বস্তু নয় উত্তেজক ( আবর্তনীয় )।

 : . E— কোনাে উত্তেজক বস্তু নয় নিরাপদ ( আবর্তিত )

 : . A— সকল উত্তেজক বস্তু হয় অ - নিরাপদ (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত )। 

(৪) সাদা ঘােড়া আছে।

L.F.  :   I— কোনাে কোনাে ঘােড়া হয় সাদা প্রাণী। (আবর্তনীয়) 

 : . I— কোনাে কোনাে সাদা প্রাণী হয় ঘােড়া। ( আবর্তিত )

 : . O— কোনাে কোনাে সাদা প্রাণী নয় অ - ঘোড়া।(আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)  

( ৫) চকচক করলেই সােনা হয় না ।

L.F.  :  O— কোনাে কোনাে চকচকে বস্তু নয় সােনা। ( আবর্তনীয় ) 

 : . O— বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয়। 

যেহেতু ‘ O ' বচনের আবর্তন করা যায় না সেহেতু আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তন করা যাবে না।

(৬) পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি ছাড়া জীবনে আর কেউ সফল হতে পারে না। 

L.F.  : A— সকল ব্যক্তি, যারা জীবনে সফল হয় পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি। (আবর্তনীয়) 

: . I— কোনাে কোনাে পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি হয় জীবনে সফল ব্যক্তি। ( আবর্তিত ) 

 . :  O— কোনো কোনাে পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি নয় জীবনে অ - সফল ব্যক্তি। (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত )

 (৭) ব্যবসায়ীরা কদাচিৎ সৎ হয় । 

L.F.  : O— কোনাে কোনাে ব্যবসায়ী নয় সৎব্যক্তি ( বচনে রূপান্তর )  

 : . O— বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয় । 

যেহেতু ‘ O ' বচনের আবর্তন করা যায় না সেহেতু আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তন করা যাবে না।

(৮) সৈন্যরা কখনই বিশ্বাসঘাতক নয়। 

L.F.  :  E— কোনাে সৈন্য নয় বিশ্বাসঘাতক ব্যক্তি ( আবর্তনীয়) 

: . E— কোনাে বিশ্বাসঘাতক ব্যক্তি নয় সৈন্য (আবর্তিত) । .

: . A— সকল বিশ্বাসঘাতক ব্যক্তি হয় অ- সৈন্য (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত) 

(৯) প্রত্যেকটি পুস্তক মূল্যবান। 

L.F.  :  A— সকল পুস্তক হয় মূল্যবান বস্তু। (আবর্তনীয় ) 

 : . I— কোনাে কোনাে মূল্যবান বস্তু হয় পুস্তক ( আবর্তিত )। 

: . O— কোনাে কোনাে মূল্যবান বস্তু নয় অ - পুস্তক। ( আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত ) 

 (১০)) উটপাখি উড়তে পারে না। 

L.F.  : E— কোনাে উটপাখি নয় এমন প্রাণী যারা উড়তে পারে। ( আবর্তনীয় )  

 : . E— কোনাে প্রাণী যারা উড়তে পারে নয় উটপাখি। (আবর্তিত) 

 : . A— সকল প্রাণী যারা উড়তে পারে হয় অ - উটপাখি (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)। 

(১১) কয়েক জন ছাত্র ছাড়া সব ছাত্রই তাদের পড়াশুনায় নিষ্ঠাবান।

L.F.  :  I— কোনাে কোনাে ছাত্র হয় এমন ব্যক্তি যারা তাদের পড়াশুনায় নিষ্ঠাবান। (আবর্তনীয়)। 

 : . I— কোনাে কোনাে ব্যক্তি যারা তাদের পড়াশুনায় নিষ্ঠাবান হয় ছাত্র (আবর্তিত)। 

 : . O— কোনাে কোনাে ব্যক্তি যারা তাদের পড়াশুনায় নিষ্ঠাবান নয় অ - ছাত্র (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)। 

(১২) সব লোেক স্বার্থপর নয়।

L.F. : O— কোনাে কোনাে লােক নয় স্বার্থপর ব্যক্তি (আবর্তনীয়)। 

 : . O— বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয়।

 যেহেতু ‘ O ' বচনের আবর্তন করা যায় না সেহেতু আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তন করা যাবে না।

১৩) একটি ছাড়া সব ধাতু কঠিন। 

L.F.  : I— কোনাে কোনাে ধাতু হয় কঠিন বস্তু (আবর্তনীয়)। 

: . I— কোনাে কোনাে কঠিন বস্তু হয় ধাতু (আবর্তিত)।

 : . O— কোনাে কোনাে কঠিন বস্তু নয় অ - ধাতু। 

(আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত) 

 (১৪) অধিকাংশ ছাত্র নিষ্ঠার সঙ্গে তর্কবিদ্যা পাঠ করে না। 

L.F.  : O— কোনাে কোনাে ছাত্র নয় এমন ব্যক্তি যারা নিষ্ঠার সঙ্গে তর্কবিদ্যা পাঠ করে।(আবর্তনীয়)।

 . : . O— বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয়। 

যেহেতু ‘O’ বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয় সেহেতু ওই আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তনও সম্ভব হবে না। 

(১৫) বাদুড় পাখি নয়। 

L.F.  : E— কোনাে বাদুড় নয় পাখি (আবর্তনীয়)। 

 : . E— কোনাে পাখি নয় বাদুড় (আবর্তিত)।

 .' . A— সকল পাখি হয় অ - বাদুড় (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)।

(১৬) দুষ্ট লােকেরা সাধারণত মিষ্ট ভাষী হয় ।

L.F.  :  I— কোনাে কোনাে দুষ্ট লােক হয় মিষ্টভাষী ব্যক্তি ( বচনে রূপান্তর )। 

: . I— কোনাে কোনাে মিষ্টভাষী ব্যক্তি হয় দুষ্ট লােক (আবর্তিত)। 

 : . O— কোনাে কোনাে মিষ্টভাষী ব্যক্তি নয় অ - দুষ্ট লােক  (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)।

১৭) শুধু ধার্মিকরাই সুখী ব্যক্তি।

L.F.  : A- সকল সুখী ব্যক্তি হয় ধার্মিক ব্যক্তি। (আবর্তনীয়) 

: . I - কোনাে কোনাে ধার্মিক ব্যক্তি হয় সুখী ব্যক্তি। (আবর্তিত) . 

: .  O = কোনাে কোনাে ধার্মিক ব্যক্তি নয় অ - সুখী ব্যক্তি। (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত) 

(১৮) কোনাে পাখি স্তন্যপায়ী নয়।

L.F.  :  E - কোনাে পাখি নয় স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী। (আবর্তনীয়) 

: . E - কোনাে স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী নয় পাখি। (আবর্তিত)

 : . A -সকল স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী হয় অ - পাখি । ( আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত ) 

 (১৯) বেশিরভাগ ছাত্রই তর্কবিদ্যা বােঝে।

L F.  : । - কোনাে কোনাে ছাত্র হয় তর্কবিদ্যা বুঝতে পারা ব্যক্তি । ( আবর্তনীয় ) 

: . I - কোনাে কোনাে তর্কবিদ্যা বুঝতে পারা ব্যক্তি হয় ছাত্র।  আবর্তিত) 

: . 0 - কোনাে কোনাে তর্কবিদ্যা বুঝতে পারা ব্যক্তি নয় অ - ছাত্র। (আবর্তিতের বিবর্তিত)

(২০) সাধারণতঃ মানুষ হয় দয়ালু। 

L.F. : I - কোনাে কোনাে মানুষ হয় দয়ালু (আবর্তনীয়)

 আবর্তিত : কোনাে কোনাে দয়ালু ব্যক্তি হয় মানুষ (I) 

আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তিত : কোনাে কোনাে দয়ালু ব্যক্তি নয় অ-মানুষ (O)

 (২১) বৃত্তাকার বর্গক্ষেত্র নেই। 

L.F. : E- কোনাে বর্গক্ষেত্র নয় বৃত্তাকার ক্ষেত্র((আবর্তনীয়)

আবর্তিত : কোনাে বৃত্তাকার ক্ষেত্র নয় বর্গক্ষেত্র (E) 

আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তিত : সকল বৃত্তাকার ক্ষেত্র  হয় অ - বর্গক্ষেত্র  (A) 

(২২) সব সাধু ধার্মিক নয়।

 L.F. : (O)  কোনাে কোনাে সাধু নয় ধার্মিক (আবর্তনীয়)

আবর্তিত : ' O ' বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয়। 

যেহেতু ‘O’ বচনের আবর্তন সম্ভব নয় সেহেতু ওই আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তনও সম্ভব হবে না। 

 (২৩) প্রত্যেক কবি হন দার্শনিক। 

L.F. : A-  সকল কবি হয় দার্শনিক (আবর্তনীয়)

আবর্তিত : কোনাে কোনো দার্শনিক হয় কবি ( I ) 

আবর্তিত রূপের বিবর্তিত : কোনাে কোনো দার্শনিক নয় অ- কবি ( O)

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Story Writing: The Greedy Mother and Her Son

 The Greedy Mother and Her Son 

There was a boy who lived with his mother. One day he stole his friend's book.  The mother was very pleased with her son after seeing the book. Next time, he stole a beautiful watch and showed it to his mother.  The mother saw the costly watch and said, "How intelligent you are ! What an easy way to get such nice things!" The boy felt very much encouraged. So, for the third time he stole a purse of money. His mother was very happy. She said, "O, how soon we will get rich now !" The boy grew up and became a robber. But one day he was caught. He was brought before a judge and sentenced to death. On the day of the execution, he wanted to see his mother.   His prayer was granted. He saw his mother and fell on her.  He grabbed his right ear between his teeth and bit it.  The boy was asked why he did so. He said, "She encouraged me to commit crimes. She never asked me not to steal. She is the cause of my sad end." 

The story teaches us not to encourage bad habits. One bad habit leads to another. So, the very first bad habit should be killed.

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SAQ of The Poetry of Earth

 The Poetry of Earth

Short Answer Type Questions

1 Marks Each

Answer in a complete sentence.

1)  Who wrote 'The Poetry of Earth'?

 Ans.  John Keats wrote 'The Poetry of Earth'. 

2) "What type of sonnet is Keats' 'The Poetry of Earth'?

 Ans.  'Keats' 'The Poetry of Earth' is a Petrarchan  sonnet. 

3) What type of a poem is 'The Poetry of Earth'? 

Ans. 'The Poetry of Earth' is a sonnet.

4)  "What does Keats celebrate in the poem 'The Poetry of Earth'? 

And.  In the poem, Keats celebrates the music of nature.

 5) What is the theme of this poem?

Ans. The theme of this poem is the continuity of nature's song through all seasons.

6) What is the rhyme scheme of the poem 'The Poetry of Earth'? 

 Ans. In 'The Poetry of Earth', the octave follows the rhyme scheme abba abba and the sestet follows cde cde. 

7) What do you understand by the phrase "the poetry of earth is never dead"? 

Ans. "The poetry of earth is never dead" means the poetry of earth is a continuous celebration of the abundance of nature through the cycle of seasons.

 8) What does Keats celebrate in the poem 'The Poetry of Earth'?

 Ans. In 'The Poetry of Earth' Keats celebrates the music of the earth.

  9) How are the birds in summer according to Keats? 

Ans. According to Keats the birds in summer are faint.

A Why all the birds faint in Keats' sonnet 'The Poetry of Earth'?

 Ans.  In summer, the birds get exhausted by the Scorching heat of the sun and thus cease to sing and faint.

 10) 'Where do all the birds hide in Keats' 'The Poetry of Earth'? 

Ans.  In Keats' 'The Poetry of Earth' the birds hide in cooling trees. 

11) Who refuse to sing in hot summer? 

Ans. Birds refuse to sing in hot summer.

 12) When does grasshopper take the lead? 

Ans. The grasshopper takes the lead in summer luxury.

 13) In the poem 'The Poetry of Earth' who is the poet of summer? 

Ans. In the poem 'The Poetry of Earth', the poet of summer is the grasshopper.

 14) "What does the grasshopper metaphorically represent?

 Ans. The grasshopper metaphorically represents the poetry of earth.

 15) What represents the music of summer in 

Ans. In 'The Poetry of Earth', the grasshopper represents the music of summer. 

16) "..a voice will run." - Whose voice is referred to here? 

 Ans. The grasshopper's voice has been referred to here. 

17) "..he takes the lead"- Who is 'he'? 

 Ans.  Here 'he' refers to the grasshopper. 

18)  What does the voice speak of in Keat's 'The Poetry of Earth'? 

 Ans. The voice speaks of summer luxury.

 19) Where was the grasshopper seen in summer? 

Ans.  The grasshopper is seen beneath some pleasant weed. 

 20) Who takes the lead in 'summer luxury'? 

Ans. The grasshopper takes the lead in summer luxury. 

21) "Who 'has never done/With his delights'?

Ans. The grasshopper 'has never done/ With his delights'.

22) Where does the grasshopper rest when he is tired? 

Ans. The grasshopper rests beneath some pleasant weed when he is tired. 

23) "...a voice will run..."- Where does a voice run in summer? 

Ans. A voice runs from hedges to the new moon mead. 

24) Write a sentence on how grasshoppers experience luxury and delight.

 Ans.  A Grasshoppers experience luxury and delight in summer by continuing nature's music through its own voice. 

25) What might one hear on a lone, cold and silent winter evening ? 

Ans. On a lone, cold and silent winter evening, one could hear the song of the cricket. 

26) Who 'has wrought a silence'? 

Ans. Frost 'has wrought a silence' in winter.

 27) Where does the cricket's song come from? 

 Ans.  The cricket's song comes from the stove. 

28) What increases the warmth in winter? 

 Ans. The cricket's song increases the warmth in winter.

 29)  "What precedes the song of the grasshopper? 

Ans. The birds' songs precede the song of the grasshopper. 

30) Where does the cricket hide in winter? 

 Ans. The cricket hides in the stove in winter.

 31) "...silence from the stove there shrills'' -What does shrills refer to? 

Ans. Shrills refer to the song of the cricket.

32) Who breaks the silence of winter?

Ans. The cricket's song breaks The silence of winter.

33) Who takes charge of the song in  winter in 'The Poetry of Earth'?

Ans. The cricket takes charge of the song in  winter in 'The Poetry of Earth'?

34) Why does Keats make the voice of the grasshopper and the cricket follow each other in his sonnet ? 

Ans. Keats made the voice of the grasshopper and cricket, follow each other in order to prove that the nature's music never ceases.

 35)  What similarity do you find in the octave  and sestet of the poem "The Poetry of Earth"?

Ans. Both the octave and sestet of the poem speaks of immortality of earth's poetry or nature's beauty. 

36) What does the cricket's song seem to 'one in drowsiness half lost'? 

 Ans. The cricket's song seem to be the song of grasshopper among some grassy fields to 'one in drowsiness half losť. 

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