Write a short note on the five proofs for the existence of Prakriti.(Indian philosophy)

 Write a short note on the five proofs for the existence of Prakriti.

Ans. Sankhya's five Proofs for the existence of Prakriti-

   (i) All individual things in this world are, limited dependent, conditional, finite. The finite cannot be the cause of universe. Logically we have to proceed from the finite to the inflnite, from the limited to the unlimited from the peros to the aperos, the temporary to the permanent, from the many to the one. And it is this intinite, unlimited eternal, all pervading Prakriti which is the source of this universe. 

  (ii) All worldly things possess certain common characteristics by which they are capable of producing pleasure, pain and indifference. which there must be a common source composed of three gunas, from which all worldly things arise. 

    (iii) All effects arise from the activity of the potent cause. Evolution means the manifestation of the either to before implicit explicit. The activity which generates evolution must be inherent in the world cause. And this cause is Prakriti. 

   (iv) The effect differs from the cause and hence the limited affect cannot be regarded as its own cause. The effect is explicit and the cause the implicit state of the same process. The effects, therefore, point to a world cause where they are potentially contained. 

(v) The unity of the universe points to a single cause. And this cause is Prakriti.

Read More

MCQ & answers of The Unknown Citizen. (B.A / B.Sc / B.Com Compulsory English of UGB)

MCQ of the poem "The Unknown Citizen"

 Choose  the correct alternatives 

 1. Who is the poet of "The Unknown Citizen?

(A) W. H. uden (b) Whitman (c) Frost (d) Kamala Das.

  

2. The unknown citizen is identified -

(a) by his name (b) by his rich cultured family (c) by his code name (D) by his no.

  

  3. The unknown citizen bears the no. 

(a) JS/07/M/375 (b) JS/08/M/378 (c) JM/07IS1378 (D) JS/07/M/378.

 4. Who bears the reference no.JS/07/M/378 of the citizen?

(a) stone monument (b) silver monument (c) iron monument (A) marble monument.

 5. That the unknown citizen is devoid of any complaint on consumption is revealed by- 

(a) The Bureau of State (b) Civil Servant (c) Govt.officer (D) The Bureau of Statistics.

6. The unknown citizen worked-

 (A) in the factory (b) at school (c) in the office (d) in the AIR FORCE.Q.

 7. The unknown citizen worked in the factory - 

(a) for thirty years (b) till his contact (C) till his retirement (d) till his death.

8. As a union member the unknown citizen- 

 (a) paid no subscription (B) paid subscription (c) paid  respect (d) paid glowing tribute.

9. The unknown citizen was popular with his mates on the basis of- 

(a) Educational Psychology (B) Social Psychology (c) Situational Psychology (d) Moral Psychology

10. The unknown citizen bought newspaper- 

(a) once a week (b) sometimes (c) off and on (D) everyday.

11. The unknown citizen favoured-

(A) the utility of time (b) the futility of time (c) the proper time (d) none.

 12. The unknown citizen was- 

(A) in favour of peace (b) against peace (c) in favour of war (d) against war and peace. 

13. The unknown citizen was- 

(a) a bachelor (B) married (c) married but lost wife (d) none.

14. The unknown citizen had- 

 (a) three children (B) five children (c) seven children (d) nine children. 

15. The unknown citizen- 

(A) was insured (b) was not insured (c) thought of the insurance (d) none.

16. How many times was the unknown citizen hospitalised?

(A) once (b) twice (c) thrice (d) four times.

17. That the unknown citizen is hospitalised once, but left cured is reflected-

 (a) in the hospital record (B) in the health card (c) in the service report (d) in the social organisation record.

18. The unknown citizen made- 

 (A) correct opinions (b) incorrect opinions (e) logical opinions (d) unlogical opinions 

19. "He worked in a factory and never got fired' Here 'he refers to- 

(a) the known citizen (B) the unknown citizen (c) the unfamiliar citizen (d) the unidentified citizen 

20. The name of the company in which the unknown citizen worked was- 

 (A) Fudge Motors Ltd. (b) Steel Company Ltd. (c) Private Bus Ltd. (d) Cement Company Ltd. 

21. The unknown citizen was-

 (a) well dignified (B) devoid of personality (c) full personality (d) without dignity.

22. The unknown citizen was- 

(a) dull (b) routine bound (c) mechanical (D) all the three 

23. The unknown citizen was-

(A) like a slave (b) like a well dignified man (c) like a govt officer (d) like a union leader.

24. The unknown citizen was - 

(a) not free (b) not happy (C) not free and not happy (d) not free but happy.

25. W. H. Auden sketches the characteristics of the unknown citizen in- 

 (A) satirical way or ironic way (b) dramatic way (c) comic way (d) epic way.

26.The unknown citizen - 

(A) liked drinking (b) did not like drinking (c) hated drinking (d) criticised drinking.

27. The question, as depicted in "The Unknown Citizen', is -

  (a) abnormal (b) unnatural (C) absurd (d) uncommon. 

28. The unknown citizen was never dismissed from the company beeause-

 (a) he worked with interest (B) he worked with satisfaction (c) he worked with energy (d) he worked with pleasure.

29. The marble monument was built in memory of the unknown citizen to show-

(a) respect (b) honour (C) respect and honour (d) solutation.

30. The word "Eugenist' is a - 

(a) physician (B) scientist (c) leader (d) reformer.

 31. "Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard' - Here 'we' refers to-

 (a) the reader (B) the poet (c) the common men (d) the audience. 

32. The unknown citizen was dead in his-

(a) mind (B) soul (c) body (d) spirit.

 33. The poet's intention, as depicted in "The Unknown Citizen is-

 (A) satirical (b) comic (c) dramatic (d) philosophical 

34. In the poem 'The Unknown Citizen' the 'Modern Man' refers to-

(A) the unknown citizen (b) countrymen (c) students (d) Soldiers.

35. Policies taken out in his name prove that he was-

 (A)  fully insured (b) partially insured (c) quarterly insured (d) daily insured.

36. The unknown citizen was -

(a) a corrupt man (b) a dishonest man (c)  beyond corruption (D) above all corruptions

37. When there was war, the unknown citizen -

(A) wen to war (b) took preparation (c) kept saying about war (d) did not join war.

38. The unknown citizen belongs to the

(a) highly agricularal society  (b) highly developed society (c) highly cultured society (D) higly industrialised society.

39. The word "monument as referred to in TTHE UNKNOWN CITIZEN"  

means - 

(a) building erected in memory of some famous persons (b) building erected in memory of important event(c) building in respect of national leader (D) building erected in memory of some famous pe or event.

40. "Except for the war'-The "war" referred to here- 

 (A) The First World War (b) The Second World War (c) The Civil War of the USA (d) Indo-Afgan War. 

41. The unknown citizen refers to two firms-

(a) Producers Research & Tata (b) High grade living and TISCO (C) Producers research & high grade living (d) Tata and Tsco. 

Read More

MCQ & answers OF MEETING AT NIGHT- Robert Browning (Class 11 of WBCHSE)

MCQ OF MEETING AT NIGHT-Robert Browning
Class- xi (wbchse)

1. “Meeting at Night” is a poem of—

(A) Love  (b) Satiety  (c) Hope  (d) Exuberant feelings.

2. The poem, “Meeting at Night”, is composed by—

(a)William Wordsworth. (B) Robert Browning. (c) Robert Blake. (d) H. W. Longfellow.

3. Robert Browning is a—

(A) Victorian poet. (b) Romantic poet. (c) Pre-romantic poet. (d) None of the above.

4. The speaker in “Meeting at Night” undertakes a journey by a

(A) boat (b) ship (c) car. (d) steamer

5. Browning’s “Meeting at Night” is –

(A) A love-lyric. (b) An elegy. (c) A sonnet. (d) An epic.

6.  Browning’s beloved was—

(A) Elizabeth Barrett.  (b) Sara Coleridge. (c) Dorothy Wordsworth. (d) None of the above.

7. The poem, “Meeting at Night”, was first published in—(1845)

(A) Dramatic Romances and Lyrics. (b) Pauline. (c) Asolando. (d) Sordello.

8. The sea, as described in “Meeting at Night”, is—

(A) Grey.  (b) Black. (c) Yellow. (d) Green.

 9.The land, as described in “Meeting at Night”, is—

(a) Grey.  (B) Black. (c) Yellow.  (d) Green.

 10. The waves are—

 (a) Fiery really. (B) Fiery metaphorically. (c) Fatal. (d) Bright.

 11.“The grey sea” symbolizes—

(A) Evening. (b) The lover’s secret love. (c) Adventurous journey. (d) all of the above.

12. The first stanza the poet wrote to show how the lover’s journey is—

(a) Romantic. (b) Adventurous. (C) Secret. (d) None of the above.

13. The spurt of a lighted match, as described in “Meeting at Night” is—

(a) Grey. (b) Black. (c) Yellow. (D) Blue.

14.The moon, as described in “Meeting at Night”, is—

(a) Grey. (b) Black. (C) Yellow. (d) Green.

15.The moon in “Meeting at Night” is—

(A) Large and low. (b) Large and high. (c) Small and low. (d) Small and high.

16.In “Meeting at Night”, the little waves that leap are—

(a) Stirred. (b) Strong. (c) Strange. (D) Startled.

17. In “Meeting at Night”, the sea beach is—

(A) Warm and sea-scented. (b) Hot and sandy. (c) Cold and slushy. (d) Cold and sea-scented.

18. In “Meeting at Night”, the sea beach is—

(A) One mile wide. (b) Two miles wide. (c) Three miles wide. (d) Four miles wide.

19. In “Meeting at Night”, the expression ‘pushing prow’ refers to—

(a) Static sea. (b) Yellow moon. (c) Wide beach. (D) Moving boat.

20. To reach the farm house, the speaker in “Meeting at Night”, crosses—

(a) One field. (b) Two fields. (C) Three fields. (d) Four fields.

21. The farm house is the dwelling of—

(a) The poet. (b) Elizabeth Barrett. (c) The speaker. (D) The ladylove.

22. The speaker in “Meeting at Night”, taps the pane to—

(a) Shut the window. (b) To open the window. (C) To call his beloved. (d) To make a noise.

23. In “Meeting at Night’, the two hearts beat in—

(a) Fear. (b) Wonder. (C) Excitement. (d) Sorrow.

24. The lovers “hearts beating each to each” because they are—

(a) Intoxicated. (b) Excited. (c) Exuberant. (D) Passionate.

25. The speaker in “Meeting at Night”, undertakes a long journey —

(A) At night. (b) During the day (c) In the morning. (d) In the afternoon.

26. The speaker in “Meeting at Night” undertakes a long journey to—

(a) Meet his parents. (b) Discover a new land. (c) Fight his enemies. (D) Meet his beloved.

27. The meeting, as described in the poem “Meeting at Night” is a/an—

(a) Open meeting. (B) Secret meeting. (c) Unplanned meeting. (d) Forced meeting.

28. Browning’s poem, “Meeting at Night”, presents the secret meeting of—

(a) Browning and Elizabeth Barrett. (b) Wordsworth and Mary Hutchinson. (C) The speaker and his beloved. (d) The worm and the rose.

29. The first four lines in Browning’s poem, “Meeting at Night”, describe—

(a) The speaker, the moon and the sea. (b) The speaker, the sea and the land. (c) The sea, the land and the moon. (D) The sea, the land, the moon and the waves.

30. The night-time in Browning’s poem. , “Meeting at Night”, has been presented through—

(A) The title, grey sea, black land and yellow moon. (b) The title, grey sea, black land and warm beach. (c) The wave, grey sea, black land and yellow moon. (d) The title, slushy sand, black land, and yellow moon.

Read More

Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about inconveniences caused by the use of microphones during religious festivals.

Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about inconveniences caused by the use of microphones during religious festivals.

Ans.

To
The editor,
The Statesman,
Kolkata 700 001.

                            Sub: Reckless use of       microphones during religious festivals.

Sir,

     I shall be highly obliged if you kindly publish the following matter in your daily newspaper in the interest of common people.

          The microphone is no doubt a great blessing of modern science. But the reckless use of microphones in almost all towns and rural areas is really a headache to the peace loving people. It hampers officeworks and preparation of lessons of students. Continuous use of microphone during different religious festivals prevents old people from enjoying their leisure and sound sleep at night. It also disturbs the patients.

               Under the above circumstances, I pray and hope that the government should take proper steps to solve the problem as soon as possible.

Thanking you,
                                          Yours faithfully,
                                          Arun Das
Date:19.03.2018
Gangarampur, Dakshin Dinajpur

Read More

Write a letter to the editor of an English Daily about private tuition of the teachers.

   Write a letter to the editor of an English Daily about private tuition of the teachers.
Ans.

To
The Editor,
The Statesman,
 Kolkata-700001

                           Sub: Private tuition of the                                           teachers.
Sir,

      Through the columns of your esteemed  daily, I would like to express my views about the system of private tuition of the teachers.

       Now the West Bengal Government has decided to detach the teachers from private tuition. Some guardians and the students have raised a voice against the private tuition of the  teachers.They think that the teachers who are engaged with private tuition do not teach well in the class.They also think that such teachers do not devote themselves to their class teaching.It has been said that the teachers spend their time and energy in private tuition, so when they come to class a lack of their interest and energy is felt at each and every moment.So the Government has decided to make a law to stop private tuition of the teachers.The Education Ministers on behalf of the Government have appealed to the teachers to stop private tuition and give importance to class teaching. I also think that the teacher should not go with their private tuition because they are not ill-paid and their position in the society is prestigious too.

      So, I would like to draw the attention of the government to formulate rigid rules to stop private tuition of the teachers.

Thanking you.

                                                Yours faithfully,
                                                Arun Kumar Sen
 Date: 18.03.2018
 Address : Gangarampur, Dakshin                                        Dinajpur

Read More

Write a brief note on the three Gunas of Prakriti.(Indian philosophy)

 Write a brief note on the three Gunas of Prakriti.(SANKHYA DARSHANA)
OR
Prakriti is said to be the unity of the three gunas held in equilibrium. Discuss.

    Ans. Trupti is said to be the unity of the three gunas held in equilibrium. They are Sattya, Rajas, Tamas. They are the constituents of Prakriti and through it of the worldly objects. Being subtle and imperceptiblc, their existsnce is inferred from their effects pleasures, pain, and in difference respectively. They are not qualities or attributes, like the Nyaya-Vaishesika Gunas. They themselves possess qualities like lightness, activity, heaviness etc. They are extremely fine and ever changing elements, They make up Prakriti which is nothing apart from them. They are not the qualities which the Prakriti; the substence possesses, on the other hand, they themselves constitute Prakriti. They are called Gunas because they are the elements of Prakriti which alone is called substantive, or because they are sub-servient to the end of Purusa, or because they are intertwined like three strands, to make up the rope of Prakriti which binds the Purusa (Guna means) quality, secondary and strand of a rope. 

  Satava means-real, existent and is responsible or the manifestation of objects in consciousness. It is called good men and produces pleasure. Its colour is white. 

   Rajas, literally means foulness, is the principle of motion. Its colour is red. - It produces pains, restless activity. It is mobile (Chala) and stimulating (astambhaka). Tamas, darkness, is the principle of interia. It produces, apathy, indifference. Ignorance, sloth, confusion, bewilderment, negativity, passivity are its results. Its colour is dark. It is opposed to Sataya and Rajas. These three never seperate. They conflict, and yet co-operate with one another and are always found inter-mingled. Compared to the oil, the wick and the flame of the lamp, which, though, opposed yet co-operate to produce the light, of lamp. Differences in things are due to the different combinations of their gunas. The nature of a thing is determined by the preponderance of a particular guna. When they are held in a state of equilibrium that state is called Prakriti. Evoluttion of worldly objects does not take place at this state. These Gunas are said to be ever changing. Change is said to be of two kinds- homogeneous or Sarupa-Parinama and Heterogeneous of Virupa-Pari nama. During the state of dissolution (Parlaya) of the world, the gunas change homogenously, i.e., Satava changes into Satava, Rajas into Rajas and Tamas into Tama. This change does not disturb the equilibrium of the Gunas and unless the equilibrium is disturbed and one predominates over the other two, evolution cannot take place. Evolution takes place when there is heterogeneous change in the Gunas and one predominates over the other two and brings about terrific commotion  in the bosom of Prakriti.

Read More

Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, drawing his attention to the need of immediate repairs to the main road in your locality.

Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, drawing his attention to the need of immediate repairs to the main road in your locality.

Ans.

To
The Editor,
The Statesman,
Kolkata-700001
                               Sub :  Repairing                                            of the main road in                                             our locality.

 Sir,

       Through the esteemed columns of your newspaper I would like to draw the attention of the Gangarampur Municipality to the need to immediate repairs to the main road in our locality.

       It is a matter of great regret that we urged the Municipality again and again in the past, by giving individual applications and the applications signed by the local inhabitants of the region, but we are unable to break the sleep of the authority. The main road which runs through our locality is in bad shape, because of the heavy rains. The heaps of road metals on both sides of the road have left very little room in the middle. Even the foot passengers often fall down the sustain injuries. Dangers become fearful at night during load shedding.

 

        Under the above circumstances, I pray and hope that the Govt. should take the necessary steps to solve this grave problem of this locality as early as possible.

 Thanking you,

 
                                             Yours faithfully,
                                               Ananta Sarkar

Date: 17.03.2018
Address of sender:

Read More