Summary & Central idea of the poem 'On Killing a Tree' (wbchse) Class xii

          On Killing a Tree
                            ---- Give Patel

SUMMARY: Gieve Patel in his poem 'On Killing a Tree' wants to comment on the cutting of trees. According to him, it will take a long time to kill a tree. It is not just a simple jab, a quick stab or blow that can do the job. The tree has grown slowly consuming the earth, eating and drinking from it. It rises out of the earth, feeding upon the crust of the earth, absorbing years of sunlight, air and water. Out of the trees' leprous hide, the newly formed leaves begin to sprout.

 A man may hack and chop with repeated and regular blows but still this alone will not do the job. The tree does not seem to feel any kind of pain because the bleeding of bark seems to heal all the time. The trunk of the tree from close to the ground will produce curled green twigs that will rise from the miniature boughs. If their growth is not checked, they will expand again and grow to their former sizes. 

The most important thing to do while killing a tree is to ensure that the root is pulled out of the anchoring earth. The tree is to be roped, tied, pulled out and snapped out entirely from the earth cave. Finally, the strength of the tree -- the white and wet root which is the most sensitive part and which has remained hidden for many years  inside the earth will be exposed altogether.

 Then, it is only a matter of scorching and choking in the sun. In the end, the tree will go through a process of browning, hardening, twisting and withering. Ultimately, the tree is killed.

 Give the central idea of the poem “On Killing a Tree". [ “On Killing a Tree" কবিতাটির কেন্দ্রীয় ভাবটি প্রকাশ করাে]

ANS . The poem "On Killing a Tree" focuses on the  killing of a tree completely by a benefactor. The poet says that the tree grows slowly by consuming the earth's nutrients and absorbing sunlight, air and water.  It does not disturb human beings, rather helps them to live a healthy life.  But when it is hacked and chopped for man's greed, it silently endures its pain.  After healing itself  naturally, its new leaves sprout again, and gets back its former size.  When man wants to satisfy his extreme greed, it is uprooted.  In fact, man is a great killer.  This idea is ironically presented in the poem .  

বঙ্গানুবাদ: “On Killing a Tree” কবিতাটি একজন উপকারীর দ্বারা একটি গাছকে সম্পূর্ণভাবে মেরে ফেলার বিষয়ের উপর আলােকপাত করে। কবি বলেছেন যে গাছ ধীরে ধীরে পৃথিবীর পুষ্টিদ্রব্য ভোগ করে এবং সূর্যলোক, বাতাস আর জল শোষণ করে বাড়ে। সে মানুষের কোনাে অসুবিধা করে না, বরং তাদের সুস্থভাবে জীবনযাপনে সাহায্য করে। কিন্তু যখন তাকে মানুষের লােভের জন্য কুপিয়ে ও কুচিয়ে কাটা হয়, তখন সে নীরবে যন্ত্রণা সহ্য করে। প্রাকৃতিক নিয়মে নিজেকে সুস্থ করে তােলার পর, আবার তার নতুন পাতা গজায়, আর সে তার আগেকার আকৃতি ফিরে পায়। যখন মানুষ তার চরম লােভ চরিতার্থ করতে চায়, তখন তাকে মূলােৎপাটিত করা হয়। প্রকৃতপক্ষে মানুষই হল স্বার্থপর হত্যাকারী। এই ভাবটিই শ্লেষের সঙ্গে কবিতায় উপস্থাপিত করা হয়েছে। ]

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On Killing a Tree মূল টেক্সট উচ্চারণ এবং বঙ্গানুবাদ

Class XII (WBCHSE)

On Killing a Tree 
                           ------Gieve Patel

It takes much time to kill a tree,
Not a simple jab of the knife
Will do it. It has grown
Slowly consuming the earth,
Rising out of it, feeding
Upon its crust, absorbing
Years of sunlight, air, water,
And out of its leperous hide
Sprouting leaves.

So hack and chop
But this alone wont do it.
Not so much pain will do it.
The bleeding bark will heal
And from close to the ground
Will rise curled green twigs,
Miniature boughs
Which if unchecked will expand again
To former size.

No,
The root is to be pulled out -
Out of the anchoring earth;
It is to be roped, tied,
And pulled out - snapped out
Or pulled out entirely,
Out from the earth-cave,
And the strength of the tree exposed,
The source, white and wet,
The most sensitive, hidden
For years inside the earth.

Then the matter
Of scorching and choking
In sun and air,
Browning, hardening,
Twisting, withering,
And then it is done.

বাংলা উচ্চারণ
 অন কিলিং আ ট্রি

              ----- গিয়েভ প্যাটেল

 ইট টেইকস মাচ টাইম টু কিল আ ট্রি ,
নট আ সিম্পল জ্যাব অভ দ্য নাইফ
 উইল ডু ইট ( , ) ইট হ্যাজ গ্রেীন
স্লোলি কনজিউমিং দি আর্থ ,
রাইজিং আউট অভ ইট , ফিডিং
 আপন ইটস ক্রাস্ট , অ্যাবজরবিং
 ইয়ারস্ অভ সানলাইট , এয়ার , ওয়াটার ,
 অ্যান্ড আউট অভ ইটস লেপ্রাস্ হাইড
 স্প্রাউটিং লিভস্ ( )
সাে হ্যাক অ্যান্ড চপ
বাট দিস্ এ্যালােন ওনট ডু ইট ( . )
 নট সাে মাচ পেইন উইল ডু ইট ( . )
 দ্য ব্লিডিং বার্ক উইল হিল
 অ্যান্ড ফ্রম ক্লোজ টু দ্য গ্রাউন্ড
 উইল রাইজ কার্লড় গ্রিন টুইগস ,
 মিনিয়েচার বাউজ
 হুইচ ইফ আনচেকড্ উইল এক্সপ্যান্ড এগেইন
 টু ফর্মার সাইজ ( . )
নাে
 দ্য রুট ইজ টু বি পুলড্ আউট —
আউট অভ দি অ্যাংকরিং আর্থ ,
 ইট ইজ টু বি রােপড্ , টাইড ,
 অ্যান্ড পুলড্ আউট — স্ন্যাপড্ আউট
অর পুলড্ আউট এনটায়ারলি ,
 আউট ফ্রম দি আর্থ - কেইভ ,
অ্যান্ড দ্য স্ট্রেংথ অফ দ্য ট্রি এক্সপােজড় ,
দ্য সাের্স , হােয়াইট অ্যান্ড ওয়েট ,
দ্য মােস্ট সেনসিটিভ , হিডেন
ফর ইয়ারস্ ইনসাইড দি আর্থ ( . )
 দেন দ্য ম্যাটার
 স্করচিং অ্যান্ড চোকিং
 ইন সান অ্যান্ড এয়ার ,
 ব্রাউনিং , হার্ডেনিং ,
টুইস্টিং , উইদারিং ,
অ্যান্ড দেন ইট ইজ ডান ( . ) ।

বঙ্গানুবাদ:

বৃক্ষনিধনের বিষয়ে
গাছকে প্রাণে মারতে গেলে , অনেকু সময় লাগে ,
ছুরির সামান্য আগাতে
মরবে না তাে গাছ । ধীরে ধীরে উঠেছে সে বেড়ে ,
পৃথিবীর উপাদানে পুষ্ট হয়ে ।
 ওপর দিকে উঠে ,
 আহার জোটে ধরার উপরত্বকে ,
বহুকাল ধরে রােদ - জল - বাতাসের সংশ্লেষে ,
তার কুষ্ঠভরা ছালচামড়ায় গজায় কচিপাতা ।
তাই আঘাত হানাে , কেটে করাে টুকরাে টুকরো ,
কিন্তু এতেও হবে না কিছু ।
যন্ত্রণাও পারবে না বেশি কিছু করতে
রক্তঝরা ছালবাকলা উঠবে সেরে
আর যেটুকু আছে ভূমির কাছাকাছি
সেখানে উঠবে জেগে কুঞ্চিত সবুজ কচিপাতা
ছােট্ট ছােট্ট শাখা
ছেটে না দিলেই ওরা
উঠবে বেড়ে আগের চেহারায় ।
না ,
মুলটাকে ওপড়াতে হবে
নোঙ্গর করা ভূমির ভিতর থেকে
দড়ি বেঁধে
দিতে হবে টান — মূল হবে খান খান
সবটা আসবে ভেঙে চলে
মাটির গুহা থেকে
গাছের শক্তি দেখবে সকলে ,
উৎস যে তার ভিজে আর সাদা
সংবেদী সে , ছিল সম্পূর্ণ ঢাকা
অনেক বছর মাটির ভিতর রাখা ।
এর পর
রােদে আর বাতাসে
ঝলসানাে , শ্বাসরােধ করা ,
বাদামি , শক্ত হওয়া
দুমড়ে - মুচড়ে নীরস হয়ে যাওয়া । ।
তখনই একাজ হয়ে যাবে সারা ।

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English grammar- Articles

ARTICLES(পদাশ্রিত নির্দেশক)

Articles: যে সকল বিশেষণ বাচক শব্দ বা অক্ষর নামের পূর্বে বসিয়া তাহার সংখ্যা বা নির্দিষ্টতা বা অনির্দিষ্টতা নির্দেশ করে তাহাদিগকে articles বলে। The boy, A man, An apple

Article দুই প্রকার। যথা-

(i) Indefinite Article (ইনডেফিনিট আর্টিকেল)

(ii) Definite Article (ডেফিনিট আর্টিকেল)

 (i) Indefinite Article (A, An)(ইনডেফিনিট আর্টিকেল): যে article কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে নির্দিষ্ট করিয়া বুঝায় না, তাহাকে Indefinite(অনির্দিষ্ট) article বলে।   যেমন-A man, A pen

(ii) Definite Article( The) (ডেফিনিট আর্টিকেল): যে article কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে নির্দিষ্ট করিয়া বুঝায় , তাহাকে Definite(নির্দিষ্ট) article বলে।  যেমন- The sun, The Ganga

Indefinite article (A, An)এর ব্যবহার

একটি ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু বুঝাতে A এবং An ব্যবহার হয়।

1. সাধারণত কোন  Word এর প্রথম অক্ষর যদি consonant  হয় তবে তার আগে A বসে।('A' is used before a word beginning with a consonant.)

 যেমন- a boy, a dog, a student ইত্যাদি।

2. সাধারণত শব্দের প্রথমে Vowel থাকিলে ইহার পূর্বে an বসে।('An' is used before a word beginning with a vowel.)

 যেমন - an orange, an egg, an umbrella ইত্যাদি।

3. কোন Word এর প্রথম অক্ষর Vowel হলেও যদি তার উচ্চারণ 'ইউ'(Yu) বা 'ওয়া' (wa)-র মত হয় তবে সেই Word এর আগে A বসে।('A' is used before a word beginning with vowel or vowels having the sound of 'yu' or 'wa')

 যেমন- A unit, AUniversity, A European (ইউরোপিয়ান), A UN spokesman, A one rupee note, A useful article,  A uniform

4. কোন Word এর প্রথমে consonant থাকলেও যদি তার উচ্চারণ Vowel এর মত হয় তবে সেই Word এর আগে an বসে।

 যেমন-  An M. P., An M.L.A., An M.D., An F.R.C.S., An M.A., An L.L.B.

5. শব্দের প্রথমে অনুচ্চারিত(silent) H থাকলে ইহার পূর্বে  'an' বসে। (An is used before a word beginning with silent 'h')

 যেমন- An hour(আওয়ার), An honest(অনেস্ট) man

6. Proper noun এর পূর্বে কোন article বসে না কিন্তু তুলনার্থে Proper noun যখন Vommon Noun রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন তার পূর্বে a বসে।(When 'a' Proper Noun is used as a Common Noun in case of comparison, 'a' is used before that.) 

যেমন - You are a Nazrul. I see.

7. Abstract Noun যখন Concrete Noun রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন তার পূর্বে 'a' বসে ('A' is used before an abstract noun when it is used as a concrete noun)

 যেমন-  Mamtazmahal was a beauty.

8. সংখ্যায় একটি বোঝালে তার আগে A বসে। যেমন- a dog, a cat, a pen,  an apple ইত্যাদি।

9. Exclamatory sentence এ a বা an ব্যবহার হয়। যেমন- What an amazing (বিস্ময়কর)sight!

What a lovely dress!

What a beautiful star!

What a beastly (পাশবিক) act!

10. অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু বুঝাতে a বসে। যেমন-

One morning a dog came to my house.

N.B. Common Noun কে সমগ্র জাতি বুঝাইতে কখনো কখনো যে 'A' বা 'An' বসে তাহাকে, Generalising A বা An বলে। যেমন- A cow is a useful animal. (any cow or cows)

11. A অনেক সময় Preposition হিসাবে  ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন- He went-a-hunting. (on hunting)

Definite article 'The' এর ব্যবহার)

The এর উচ্চারণ: 

Vowel এর আগে থাকলে দি উচ্চারণ হয়।

 Consonant এর আগে থাকলে দ্যা উচ্চারণ হয়।

1. নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু বোঝাতেই The বসে। ('The' is used before a person or a thing particularised.)

যথা: The girl is laughing.

2. জাতি বুঝাতেই singular common noun- এর পূর্বে  the বসে।('The' is used before a singular common noun to denote the whole class.)

যথা: The rose is a lovely flower.

The horse is a beautiful animal.

N.B.: সমগ্র মানবজাতি বুঝাতেই এবং কোন ভাষার নামের পূর্বে The বসে না।

যথা: Man is mortal.

English is a rich language.

3. পুরো শ্রেণীকে বোঝাতে adjective-এর পূর্বে The বসে এবং যখন শ্রেণীর সমস্ত ব্যক্তিকে বোঝায় তখন উহাকে plural noun রূপে গণ্য করা হয়। ('The' is used before an adjective with plural noun to indicate the whole class.)

যথা: (1) The rich are not always happy.

(2) The blind cannot see.

4. চন্দ্র, সূর্য, পৃথিবী, আকাশ, নক্ষত্র প্রভৃতি নির্দিষ্ট এককের পূর্বে The বসে। ('The' is used before singular noun that by their very nature cannot signify more than one object.)

যথা: The sun. The earth. The moon.

The sun gives us light.

5. ঋতু এবং দিকের নামের পূর্বে The বসে। ( the is used before the name of a season and direction.)

যথা: The spring. The earth.

The sun rises in the East.

6. নদী, সাগর, উপসাগর, মহাসাগর, দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, পর্বতশ্রেণী, জাহাজ, ধর্মগ্রন্থ ইত্যাদির নামের পূর্বে The বসে। (The is used before the name of a river, sea, gulf, ocean, group of islands, mountain ranges, ship, holy book etc.)

The Atlantic ocean, The Andamans, the Bay of Bengal, The Gita

7. জাতি সম্প্রদায় বা দলের নামের পূর্বে The বসে। ('The' is used before the name of the nation or parties.) যেমন- The Bangalees are brave.

8. প্রথম, দ্বিতীয়, ইত্যাদি সংখ্যা যখন অক্ষর দ্বারা ইংরেজিতে লেখা হয় তখন ইহার পূর্বে The বসে। ('The' is used before an ordinal number written in letters in English.) যেমন- He was the first man to arrive.

9. বাদ্যযন্ত্রের পূর্বে  The বসে। ('The' is used before musical instruments.) যেমন- He can play the flute.

10. একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু বুঝাইতে and দ্বারা যুক্ত প্রথম Noun এর পূর্বে  The বসে। কিন্তু যদি বিভিন্ন মানুষ বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তাহলে প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে  the বসে। যেমন-

 (i)The Secretary and Headmaster is an honest man. ( এখানে Secretary এবং Headmaster একই ব্যক্তি)

(ii) The headmaster and the secretary are talking in the office.( এখানে Secretary এবং Headmaster ভিন্ন ব্যক্তি)

11.  বাংলা শব্দের শেষে টি, টা, খানা, খানি, গুলো, গুলি, গণ প্রভৃতি যুক্ত থাকলে The বসে। যেমন- ছাত্রগুলি =The students, শিক্ষকগণ = The teachers

12. অর্থপূর্ণ ভৌগোলিক নাম, বাসস্থান, প্রসিদ্ধ প্রতিষ্ঠান, ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা, হোটেল, সিনেমা গৃহ, সংবাদপত্রের নাম ও তারিখ এর পূর্বে The বসে।('The' is used before the descriptive geographical names noted public places, important historical events, hotels, cinema houses, newspaper and dates) যেমন- The Punjab- অর্থবোধক ভৌগোলিক নাম, the high Court, the Taj Mahal- প্রসিদ্ধ প্রতিষ্ঠান

কোথায় article এর ব্যবহার নিষিদ্ধ

1. যখন কোন ব্যক্তি বস্তু বা প্রাণীকে নির্দিষ্ট করিয়া বুঝায় না তখন plural common noun এর পূর্বে The বসে না। যেমন-

Cows give us milk.

Dogs are faithful animals.

2. নির্দিষ্ট করিয়া কিছু না বুঝাইলে Material noun এবং Abstract noun এর পূর্বে the বসে না। যেমন-

 Honesty is the best policy.

Water has no taste.

3.  সাধারণত Proper Noun এর পূর্বে  article বসে না।  যথা- Rabindranath was a great poet.

4. রাস্তা, এভিনু, স্কয়ার, পার্কের নামের পূর্বে the বসে না।

যেমন – He is going to park.

5. ভাষার নামের পূর্বে the বসে না। যেমন – Bengali is our mother language.

English is an international language.

কিন্তু ভাষার নামের পরে language শব্দ টা

উল্লেখ থাকলে the বসে। যেমন –

 The English language is an international

language.

6. হ্রদের নামের পূর্বে the বসে না।

যেমন – Lake Superior, Lake Baikal, Lake Caspian.

7. দিন বা মাসের নামের পূর্বে the বসে না।

যেমন – Friday is holyday.

8. রোগের নামের পূর্বে the বসে না। যেমন – Influenza is a contagious disease.

9.  God or Allah এর নামের পূর্বে the বসে না।

যেমন – God is kind.

9. শরীরের অঙ্গ-প্রতঙ্গ এবং পোশাক-পরিচ্ছেদ ইত্যাদির পূর্বে the বসে না।

যেমন – Raise your right hand. Put off your shirt.

10. ভ্রমন সম্পর্কিত যানবাহন বা ভ্রমন পথের

পূর্বে কোন article বসে না।

যেমন – by bus, by train, by launch.

11. আত্মীয়-স্বজনের পূর্বে article বসে না। যেমন-  father, mother, uncle, aunt etc. যেমন- Father has gone home.

12. Market, school, college, work, table, bed, hospital, prison প্রভৃতি noun যখন primary  উদ্দেশ্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তখন ইহাদের পূর্বে the বসে না। যেমন- 

 We go to bed (to sleep)

I went to school. (as a pupil বা as a teacher)

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English Grammar (Person)

           Person (পুরুষ বা ব্যক্তি)

 ইংরাজিতে বাক্য গঠন করতে Person এর প্রয়োজন। Person শব্দটির অর্থ ব্যক্তি বা পুরুষ। ইংরাজি ভাষায় Person তিন প্রকার যথা-

i) 1st Person (উত্তম পুরুষ)

ii) 2nd Person (মধ্যম পুরুষ)

iii) 3rd Person(প্রথম পুরুষ)

(i) 1st Person: বক্তা নিজেকে বুঝাইতে যে Person ব্যবহার করেন, তাহাই 1st person। যেমন - I, me, my, mine, we, us, our।

(ii) 2nd Person: বক্তা যাহাকে উদ্দেশ্য করিয়া কিছু বলেন, তাহাকে বুঝাইতে 2nd Person ব্যবহৃত  হয়। যথা - you, your, thou ইত্যাদি।

(iii) 3rd Person: যাহার সম্বন্ধে কিছু বলা হয়, তাহাই 3rd person হয়।

পূর্বে উল্লিখিত Pronoun গুলি বাদে সমস্ত Pronoun ও Noun এই শ্রেণীর অন্তর্গত। যেমন-
 Pronoun: he, she, it, they, some, many, each

Noun: Ram, Rahim, pencil, Kolkata ইত্যাদি।

N.B. আমি(I), আমরা(We), তুমি বা তোমরা(You) ছাড়া ভবে(পৃথিবীতে) আছে যারা 3rd person তারা।

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English Grammar (Parts of Speech)

PARTS OF SPEECH

ইংরেজি ভাষায় কোন বাক্যে যে সকল Word থাকে, তাহাদিগকে অর্থ, ব্যবহার ও কার্য অনুযায়ী আটটি শ্রেণীতে ভাগ করা হয়, এদের প্রত্যেককে এক একটি Part of Speech বলে। ( Words used in a sentence are classified into eight parts commonly known as Parts of Speech.)

Parts of Speech 8 প্রকার যথা:-

1. Noun(নাউন) বিশেষ্য

2. Pronoun (প্রোনাউন) সর্বনাম

3. Adjective (অ্যাডজেকটিভ) বিশেষণ

4. Verb(ভার্ব) ক্রিয়া

5. Adverb (অ্যাডভার্ব) ক্রিয়া বিশেষণ বা ভাব বিশেষণ বা বিশেষণের বিশেষণ

6. Preposition (প্রিপজিশন) সম্বন্ধক বা পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়

7. Conjunction (কনজান্কশন) সংযোজক অব্যয়

8.  Interjection(ইন্টারজেকশন) বিস্ময়সূচক অব্যয়

1. Noun (বিশেষ্য): যে Word দ্বারা কোন ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, পদার্থ, স্থান প্রভৃতির নাম বোঝায়, তাকে Noun বলে। ( A noun is the name of any person, place or thing.) যেমন:- Ram, Rohim, Book, Farakka, Kolkata, sun, moon, tree, honesty ইত্যাদি।

2. Pronoun (সর্বনাম): Noun এর পরিবর্তে যে শব্দ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Pronoun বলে। ( A pronoun is a word used for a Noun.) যেমন- I, We, You, He, They ইত্যাদি।

3. Adjective (বিশেষণ):  যে Word  কোন Noun বা Pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, পরিমাণ প্রভৃতি প্রকাশ করে তাহাকে Adjective বলে। (An adjective is a word that is used to describe or qualify a Noun or Pronoun.) যেমন- It is a red flower. He had much money. The sky is blue. He is a bad boy.

4. Verb(ক্রিয়া): যে Word দ্বারা হওয়া, যাওয়া, করা প্রভৃতি কার্য করা বোঝায়, তাকে Verb বলে। (A verb is a word that indicates the doing of an action by a person or a thing.) যেমন- do, play, sleep, go, come ইত্যাদি। 

5. Adverb (ক্রিয়া বিশেষণ বা বিশেষণের বিশেষণ): যে Word কোন Verb কেমন করিয়া, কোথায়, কখন কার্য সম্পন্ন করে অথবা কোন Adjective ও অন্য Adverb এর দোষ গুণ  নির্দেশ করে তাকে Adverb বলে। (An adverb is a word which modifies an Adjective, a Verb or an another adverb)

যেমন- He works slowly. Ratan runs fast. এখানে, slowly ও fast হল Adverb. 

সাধারণত: Adjective এর শেষে 'ly' যুক্ত করে  Adverb গঠন করা হয়।

6. Preposition (সম্বন্ধক বা পদ অব্যয়): যে Word sentence এর মধ্যে কোন Noun অথবা Pronoun এর পূর্বে বসিয়া sentence এর অন্য Word সহিত এর সম্বন্ধ দেখাইয়া দেয়, তাহাকে Preposition বলে।(A Preposition is a word placed before a Noun or Pronoun indicating its relation to some other words in the sentence.) যেমন- Ram is at home now. এখানেat হল Preposition. কারণ Ram ও home এর মধ্যে at সম্পর্ক সৃষ্টি করেছে।

in, at, on, of, under, below, above ইত্যাদি হল preposition

7. Conjunction ( সংযোজক অব্যয়): যে ওয়ার্ড দুই বা ততোধিক ওয়ার্ড বা sentence-কে সংযুক্ত করে তাহাকে conjunction বলে। (A conjunction is a word which joins two or more words and sentences together) যেমন- Kabita and Sushmita are good girls. Johnny is a boy but Sumi me is a girl. এই দুই বাক্যতে and এবং but হল Conjunction.

8. Interjection (বিস্ময়সূচক অব্যয়): যে Word দ্বারা হর্ষ, বিষাদ, ভয়, ঘৃণা, বিস্ময় প্রভৃতি মনের আবেগ প্রকাশ করে তাকে Interjection বলে। ( An interjection is a word which expresses strong feelings of the mind.)

যেমন- Hurrah! Today is holiday. কি মজা! আজ ছুটির দিন।

Hurrah(হুররেহ)-- কি আনন্দ বা কি মজা,  Bravo(ব্রাভো)- সাবাস, Alas(অ্যালাস) - হায়, Oh(ওহ), Pooh(পুঃ) -- ছি, Hush(হাশ)- চুপ, Hallow(হ্যালো) - ওহে, Ah(আহ) বা Shame (শেম)  লজ্জা।

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ENGLISH SUGGESTION with Answer 2020 CLASS –XII Part - A (WBCHSE)

ENGLISH SUGGESTION 2020 (WBCHSE)

         CLASS –XII     SUBJECT- ENGLISH B

          ENGLISH (Group-B) (New Syllabus)

                           Part-A (Marks: 60)

                                    PROSE

1. Answer any two of the following questions, each in about 100 words:  6x2=12

                The Eyes Have It

(1)  “I am tired of people telling me I have a pretty face."

Who said this, to whom and when? What did the person spoken to reply?

Ans: The girl said this to the narrator.

During the conversation when the narrator remarked that the girl's face was an interesting one, the girl accepted this compliment sarcastically and made the above comment.

The blind narrator was not sure whether the girl had a pretty face and mended his comment by saying that an interesting face could also be a pretty face which the girl apparently took cordially.

(2) “Then I made a mistake” – What was the mistake?  Who made the mistake and why?

Ans:-The short story “The Eyes Have It”, written by Ruskin Bond is a beautiful story. The narrator asked the girl “what did she see outside the window ?” It was the mistake of the narrator.

The narrator and the girl were discussing the beauty of Mussoorie in October. The girl remained silence for a moment. Just of that time, he threw that the girl perhaps was thinking him a romantic fool. So he asked the wrong question to change the topic. He was always cautious about not revealing his blindness to her. He doubted that his wrong question might reveal the fact to the girl.

(3) “She had a beautiful eyes but they were of no use to her” –  Whose eyes are referred to here? Why were the eyes ‘of no use’ to her? Explain the irony of situation.

Ans:-The eyes of the narrator’s co-passenger is referred to here. The eyes were not useful to her because she was completely blind.

From the start of the journey the narrator pretended to the girl that he was not blind. But when he asked the second co-passenger if the girl had kept her hair short or long, the man replied that he did not notice the girl’s hair. He only noticed the beautiful eyes of the girl which were of no use to her as she was completely blind. The irony of the situation is that the narrator was trying to hide his blindness from the girl who was also blind.

(4) “She was an interesting girl,” I said, “Can you tell me – did she kept her hair long or short ?” Who asked the question and to whom ? Why did he ask this question ?

Ans:-The narrator of the story “The Eyes Have It” asked this question to the new passenger.

The girl, co-traveller of the narrator got down from the train at Saharanpur Station. He realised that he was charmed by the girl very much. He wondered if she had kept her hair in bun or it was plaited or it was kept loose. It should be short. The narrator was lost in dream. The girl was standing close to him. The perfume from her hair was tantalising. He wanted to raise his hand and touch her hair. She moved away. Only the perfume lingered where she stood. The narrator stood lost in dream.

(5) “The man who had entered the compartment broke into my reverie.”

What was the reverie ? How was the reverie broken and who broke ?

Ans:-The short story “The Eyes Have It” written by Ruskin bond is a beautiful story. The narrator was travelling in a train. A girl boarded the train from Rohana Station. Both these two passengers were blind. The girl’s voice moved the narrator deeply. He could not notice her face. He apprehended that the girl was beautiful. Her voice was the sparkle of a mountain stream. After the departure at Saharanpur Station, the narrator returned to his own seat. The train started again. The song of the moving wheels began. The narrator sat beside the window. He looked outside and thought the bright daylight. But it was complete darkness for him. He was guessing about what was going outside the window. It was his reverie.

A new fellow traveller entered into his compartment. He apologised to the narrator for not being an attractive as the girl. This voice broke the narrator’s reverie.

                                   THREE QUESTIONS

 (1) How did the enemy of the king become friend with the king in Leo Tolstoy’ “The Three Questions”?

ANS: The Tsar came to the woods to meet the hermit. All day long he worked for him. In the evening he met a bearded man. the man was in a serious condition. He had a large wound in the stomach. The Tsar bandaged his wound. The man was saved. He fell asleep. The next day, the man told the Tsar to forgive him. The Tsar learnt that he had actually saved the life of his enemy who had given up all anger and wanted to serve him. The Tsar was very happy. He promised to give back his property. He wanted to send his doctors and servants for the man's treatment and service. Thus the enemy of the Tsar became friend with the Tsar.

(2) What were the questions that had occurred to the Tsar? Why did he need correct answer to those questions? What did he do when he was not satisfied with the answers of the learned man?

ANS . Once three questions had occurred to the Tsar . The first question was to know the right time to begin everything . The second question was who were the right people to listen to and whom to avoid . The third question was what was the most important thing to do.

 He needed correct answers to those questions because in that case he would never fail in anything he might undertake.

* When the Tsar was not satisfied with the answers of the learned men , he decided to consult a hermit living in the wood, who was widely famous for his wisdom. He disguised himself by wearing simple clothes, left his bodyguard behind and went alone to visit the hermit .

(3) "You have already been answered!"-- Do you agree with the hermit's answers? How did the hermit explain the answers to the questions asked by the Tsar?

Or,

Do you agree with the hermit’s answers to the Tsar’s three questions? Give reason for your answer.

Ans: Yes, I agree with the hermit's answers.

* The hermit answered to the questions of the Tsar through the direct experiences.  Firstly, the hermit explained that the present time was the most important time. As the Tsar was digging the hermit's beds, he could avoid the attack by his enemy . Secondly, the most important person happened to be the persons with whom the Tsar spent the present time. Accordingly, they were the hermit and the wounded man. Thirdly, the act of doing good to people was the most important business . The Tsar assisted the hermit first and then nursed the wounded man . And for that purpose a man was sent into this life .

                       STRONG ROOTS

(1) Describe the locality where A.P.J. Abdul Kalam lived in his childhood?

ANS. In his autobiographical narrative "Strong Roots", APJ Abdul Kalam has given a description of his locality. He was born in Rameshwaram, an island town. He lived in their ancestral house on the Mosque Street. Rameswaram was very famous to the pilgrims for the Shiva temple which was about ten minutes walk from their house. The locality was predominantly Muslim community. But a lot of Hindu families also lived there. The Hindu and Muslim families lived together amicably in his locality. In the locality, there was a very old mosque where his father would take him for evening prayers.

(2) What picture of communal harmony do you find in the extract from A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s autobiography?

ANS. In his autobiographical narrative "Strong Roots", APJ Abdul Kalam has given a description of his locality. He was born in Rameshwaram, an island town. He lived in their ancestral house on the Mosque Street. Rameswaram was very famous to the pilgrims for the Shiva temple which was about ten minutes walk from their house. The locality was predominantly Muslim community. But a lot of Hindu families also lived there. The Hindu and Muslim families lived together amicably in his locality. In the locality, there was a very old mosque where his father would take him for evening prayers.

(3) Why don't you say this to the people who come to you?"

---- Who said this and to whom? What is referred to by the word 'this'? Why do people come to the person spoken to?  1+1+3+1

Ans. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam said this to his father, Jainulabdeen.

     * Here 'this' refers to Jainulabdeen's spiritual concept of man's existence on earth. According to him, there is nothing mysterious about prayer. While communicating the spiritual concept to Kalam Jainulabdeen told when troubles come, we should try to understand the relevance of our sufferings. We should remember that adversity always presents opportunities for introspection.

    *  People come to Dr. kalam's father Jainulabdeen for help and advice when they were in trouble.

(4) Whenever they are in trouble, they look for someone to help them." --- Who said this and to whom? Who are they referred to here? What does the speaker want to mean here?

Ans. Jainulabdeen said this to his son,  Dr. APJ Abdul kalam.

 *They are human beings who have fallen in the troubles of life. Or, Here 'they' refer to the people who get into trouble in life.

*Kalam's father could explain complex spiritual matters in very simple Tamil. Once he said to Kalam adversity always presents opportunities for introspection. Then Kalam asked why his father did not convey it to people who come to him for help and advice. While answering, Kalam's father said that no man can endure sufferings. Whenever people who are in trouble find themselves alone. They feel confused and depressed. Then they look for someone who can help them.  They seek helpers who can show them the way to come out of the difficult situation. That is why people come to him.

THANK YOU MA'AM

(1) “I am very sorry lady, I’m sorry” – Who was the speaker? Why did the speaker say he was very sorry? Was the speaker really sorry?

Answer: Roger was the speaker here.

 Roger wanted to steal the purse of Mrs . Jones . To do it , he gave her purse a tug from behind and fell down . Mrs Jones caught hold of him by his shirt front and picked him up . She asked Roger if he would run if she turned him loose . Roger replied that he must run . For that reason , Mrs . Jones did not release him . Then Roger felt afraid . He thought Mrs . Jones could possibly put him in prison . Therefore , in fear , Roger said he was very sorry .

* I think the speaker was not at all sorry He said he was sorry only to get released.

(2) “I were a young once and wanted things, I could not get.” –Who said this and to whom? why did the speaker comment so? How did the person spoken to react?

Answer: Mrs. Jones said this to Roger, a street boy whom she brought home.

*The incident of Roger reminded Mrs Jones how she had passed her days in her youth. She told that she, likely any other girl, also wanted things that she could not get. She said she too had to do something unfair in her life. She looked thoughtfully, and she wanted Roger not to go in the wrong. Perhaps she thought to help the boy so that he would not make mistakes anymore. That's why, Mrs. Jones commented so.

*Roger reacted strangely. His mouth opened and he frowned unwittingly.

(3) Why did Roger in “Thank you Ma’am” not run away though he found the door open?

(4) “I wanted a pair of blue suede shoes” – Who is the speaker? What reply did the speaker get? How did he react after getting the reply? OR Why did Roger try to snatch the purse of the lady?

Answer: Roger is the speaker.

*Roger informed Mrs. Jones that he wanted to buy a pair of blue suede shoes. He tried to snatch the pocket-book of Mrs. Jones to get money to fulfill his desire. Hearing that, Mrs. Jones said he could have asked her for the money.

*Hearing that reply, Rodger was absolutely surprised. He looked at Mrs. Jones in wonder. The water was dripping from his face. He became speechless for a moment. He forgot if he had dried his face. He  wounded what to do next. So, he dried his face once again.

(5)  Sketch the character of Mrs. Jones in the story ‘Thank You Ma’am’.

Or, What type of woman was Mrs. Jones? How did Mrs. Jones behave with Roger when they arrived home?

Or, What are the ways by which Mrs. Jones reformed Roger?

Ans: Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones is the main character of the short story ‘Thank You Ma’am’. She was a large woman who worked at a hotel beauty shop. She has been presented by Langston Hughes as an affectionate woman. She caught the boy Roger when he was trying to snatch her purse. She felt sympathy for the urchin. Instead of taking him to the police station, she took him to her home. She made him washed his dirty face and gave him a towel. She fed him cake and cocoa also. She understood that it was not a crime what he did. She believed in reformation. So she gave him ten dollars to buy the shoes that he wanted. She also taught him not to snatch purse of anybody else and advised him to behave well in future. She showed motherly love for the boy and her unconditional love moved him.

N.B.: Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.

                                 POETRY

2. Answer any two of the following questions, each in about 100words:     6x2=12

(1) The poem “On killing a Tree” describes man’s cruelty and violence to nature. Discuss/ Describe how a tree kills?

Answer: A tree grows slowly consuming the earth and absorbing sunlight, air and water for years.It is hard to kill a tree only by a simple jab of a knife. After hacked and chopped (by the man),the curled green twigs surely come out from the close to the ground into its former size if unchecked by healing itself naturally.When a tree is roped,tied and pulled out its white-wet roots entirely from the earth's cave,the strength and sensitivity of the tree be exposed.In the scorching heat of the sun and the blowing air,the root is browned and hardened.After then it is twisted and withered.Thus the tree is killed completely for man's happiness but his existence.

(2) “And then it is done”……What does it refer to? What does the word “done” mean? Explain the process it is done.

(3) Central idea of the poem “Asleep in the Valley”./Justify the title of the poem ‘Asleep in the Valley’../How does the picture of the soldier describe the tragedy of war? Explain. Or,  Describe the poet’s attitude towards war.

Ans:-Asleep in the Valley means sleeping in the valley. A very young soldier is lying on the ground of a valley open mouthed. He is lying with a gentle innocent smile. The poet thinks that the soldier is sleeping peacefully in the sunlight. The poet requests the insects not to disturb his sleep. He requests the nature to keep the solder worm, otherwise he may catch cold. Suddenly two red spots of the blood are noticed by the side of his body. This depicts that the soldier is already dead. His sleep is eternal and he will never wake again. Through this the poet Rimbaud evokes the futility of war. War only destroys young lives. So the title suggests the tragedy of the young soldier and the futility of war.

OR

 Ans:-Asleep in the Valley is a war poem. The poet Arthur Rimbaud experienced the horror of war. In this poem a soldier is described as very young. He is lying asleep in a peaceful small valley. He is bathed in sunlight. The smiling face of the soldier indicates that he is innocent and pure. The sun is raining on him. Yet neither of these can awake him. At the end, we see the bullet marks on the side of his body. Symbolically Rimbaud tries to describe the tragedy of war. The soldier lies open mouthed. Death is countered by the growth and existence of bushes, flowers and plants. Thus the poem proclaims the futility of war. War only destroys young lives. So the poet’s anger about war is clear in the poem.

(4) How does Shakespeare immortalize his friend’s beauty?
/Central Idea/Subject matter/Substance of the poem"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer Day ?"

Answer : The poet, William Shakespeare praises the beauty of his beloved friend(Mr William Harbert). He admits that Summer is lovely and attractive. But his friend is lovelier and more temperate than summer. Violent winds shake the blooming flowers. So it is not permanent (transitory).Sometimes the sun goes too hot and clouds often dim the golden colour of the bright sun. As no fair things last long on earth, earthly beauty is subjected to change. But the beauty of his beloved friend is indestructible. So it will suffer no change or death.The poet knows well that his friend's youth(beauty) will live eternally through his poetry.

(5)  Show, after Keats, that the poetry of earth never comes to an end Identify the voices of the poetry in the poem . / How does Keats establish continuity through the voice ?

Ans:-John Keats, the poet believes that that the poetry of earth will never end. It will live through the music of earth. In the summer, the music of nature is heard in the song of the grasshopper. It is carried by the shrill of the cricket in winter.

       The birds faint in the hot summer days. They take rest in the cool shadow of trees. But music of summer cannot be stopped. The grasshopper takes the lead. The song of grasshopper runs from hedge to hedge. Being tired the grasshopper take rest beneath some pleasant weed. The cricket carries the music in winter. The song of the cricket introduces warmth in the forest. Thus Keats establishes that the music of nature can never be ceased.

PLAY

Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 words:  6x1=6

 a)Discuss the character of Natalya.

Ans:- In the play "The Proposal" Anton Chekhov has presented three characters. Natalya is one of them. She is a young unmarried girl of twenty five years. She is well educated, an excellent housekeeper and is not bad looking. But she is very quarrelsome and abusive by nature. She begins a bitter quarrel with Lomov over Oxen Meadows. She drives Lomov out. But when she learns that Lomov has come to propose to her, she forgets all her grievances. She begins to wail over her lost chance. She asks her father to call him back. She begs pardon of Lomov. She again starts quarreling with  Lomov over the hunting dogs. Finally, when she gets married, she shows no sign of romance. Again, she starts quarreling. So she is a perfect match for Lomov.

 b)Give brief sketch of character of Lomov in the play 'The proposal'.

Ans. In the play "The Proposal", Anton Chekhov has presented three characters. Chubukov is one of them. He is an old landowner and the father of grown-up daughter Natalya.  He is concerned about his daughter's marriage. He is delighted when Lomov comes with a proposal to marry Natalya. But he takes his daughter's side in the argument over Oxen Meadows and their hunting dogs. Together with his daughter, he insults, abuses and drives Lomov out of their house. But he brings him back as he does not want to lose Lomov as his son in-law. He curses his own fate as to how he will get Natalia married with Lomov. Eventually when Lomov faints, he plays a trick on them to get them married. Thus Chubukov is relieved of his social liability as a father.

(c) "Oh, what a burden, Lord, to be the father of a grown-up daughter" - Who is the speaker here? Why does the speaker call it 'a burden' to be the father of a grown-up daughter?

Ans. Chubukov is the speaker here.

Chubukov is the old father of a marriageable daughter, Natalya. He feels the pressure of society to get his daughter married. But he is always puzzled by the whimsical mood of his daughter. When Lomov comes with a marriage proposal, Chubukov is greatly pleased. But Natalya is engaged in a bitter quarrel with Lomov. She drive Lomov out from their house. But when she comes to know about Lomov's proposal, she asks her father to call him back. Chubukov goes to call him back being an affectionate father. But it seems disrespectful to him. This uncertain behaviour of Natalya is unbearable to him. So he calls 'a burden' to be the father of a grown-up daughter.

(d) Is Chubucov a sensible father? How do you know?

(e) Make a brief sketch of social life as you see in the play. OR What aspect of the human condition and society does the play make fun of?

(f) "Chubukov says of Natalia, " as if she won't consent she's in love; egad, she is  like a lovesick cat..."  Would you agree? fined reason for your answer.

(g) Give the reason why the marriage is important to all the characters.

                                GRAMMAR (10arks)

(a)  Do as directed :                                                                                1 x6=6

 (i) " Eat some more, son," She said. (Turned into indirect speech)

 Ans. She said politely to eat some more.

 (ii) The carriage wheels changed their sound and rhythm.(Change the Voice)

 Ans.Their Sound and rhythm were changed by the carriage wheels.

     (ii) She was silent ( Rewrite as a negative sentence)

 Ans. She was not talking.

 (iv) One of the most vivid memories of my early childhood is of the two men. (Change into positive degree).

 Ans: Very few memories of my early childhood are as vivid as of the two men.

 (v) Why don't you say this to the people who come to you for help and advice? [Split into two simple sentences]

 Ans. (a) People come to you for help and advice (b) Why don't you say this to them?

 (vi) A man, getting into the compartment, stammered an apology. [Turn into a compound sentences )

Ans. A man got into the compartment and stammered an apology.

 (b) Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles/or prepositionns: 1x6=6

 Others declared that it was impossiblee- (i)- decide beforehand -(ii)-right time--(iii)--every action; but that, not letting oneself be absorbed--(iv)--- idle pastimes, one shouid always attend--(v)--all that was going---(vi)

 And: to, the, for, in, to, on

      (c) Correct the error in the following sentence by rep word with one from the options given below. 1x1=1

 My father could convey complex spiritual conceives in very simple down- to-earth Tamil.

 Options: conceptions, conceptual, concepts

 Ans: concepts.                                                                 

Examinees are requested to practice from TEST PAPERS carefully.

     5.                  UNSEEN (10 Marks)

State whether the following statements are’ True’ or ‘False’. Write T for True and F for False                                                                                                                1x4=4

          (i)            (ii)                                  (iii)                                 (iv)

Answer each of the following in about 30 words :                                               2x3=6

       (i)                          (ii)                                    (iii)                                       

Examinees are requested to practice fromTEST PAPERS carefully.

  6. (a) REPORT WRITING: 10 Marks

write a report within 150 words on an educational tour to Digha conducted by the Sub-committee of your school.                           

Write a report within 150 words about the Tree Plantation Programme organized by your school.

 Write --             -              -- --- --- --- --- -- on Blood Donation Camp organized by your school.

 Write a    --   --   --   --   --   --   --   --   -- for the annual magazine of your school.

Recently your school organized a cleaning drive in the immediate vicinity of the school. The students and all staffs of the school participated in the programme. Write a report on the event in about 150 words.

Write a report on a Book Fair in your district.

Write a report for the newspaper about a street accident.

Write a report on prize giving ceremony of your school.

Write a report on Teachers’ Day-5th September.

Annual Sports report on school magazine, Magic Show organized by the school, , Farewell function of a respected teacher, Swach Bharat Aviyan, Safe Drive Save Life Campaign,     

                                            OR

(b) LETTER WRITING:                                                                  10 Marks

You are Kamal Das of Gangarampur High school. On behalf of the school, you have purchased a cricket set from ABC Sports CO. Ltd. Some of the equipments are found defective. Write a letter within 150 words to the company asking for replacement or refund.

Write a letter to a publisher requesting him to send you a bulk of books for your school library in 150 words.

Write a letter to the Head Master of your school to by some reference books for your school library.

Write a letter to the officer-in charge of your local police station reporting that you have lost your bi-cycle. In your letter you will mention the date and time of the loss, the place where from it was lost, brand name and description of the bi-cycle.

Suppose you have lost your Madhyamik Admit Card. Now write an application to the deputy Secretary of W.B.B.S.E. for duplicate Certificate.

Write an application for the Branch Manager of a Bank for loan.

Suppose you have lost your Madhyamik Admit Card. Lodge an FIR with the local police station.

Write an application for the post of office-assistance in a business firm.

Write a letter to the store manager, requesting for repair of the TV Set / complain about the bad quality goods you purchased from their shop/inquiry of some goods price.

 Delay of Postal Delivery, Missing of Mobile Phone, Missing of Library Card, Requesting Loan for a new business, bad conditions of roads.

Write a letter to Editor of a newspaper about-- the high price of every essential commodities / reckless driving/ eve-teasing.

                                                                                  OR

(C)  PRECIS WRITING:       
                                              10 Marks

HOW TO WRITE A PRECIS

To write a PRECIS students are directed to follow the instructions given below.

Read the passage attentively.

Choose a title from the key sentence of the passage.

Note the important points of the passage.

Make the PRECIS within one third of the given words.

Do not add any personal comment which is not included in the passage.

Do not use idiomatic or ornamental expression.

Avoid any repetitions.

Do not use direct speech and quotations.

Do not write 1st person or 2ndperson.

Do not write ditto words from the given passage.

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HS Suggestion for final Exam 2020 Part—B (Marks 20) (wbchse)

                SUGGESTION FOR 2020

       CLASS –XII     SUBJECT- ENGLISH B

                      Part—B (Marks 20)

Multiple Choice Type Questions (MCQ) & Short Answer Type Questions (SAQ) of 1mark.

Complete each of the following sentences choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided : (4 out of 4)                                               1x4=4

1. The blind girl’s voice had –(i) the ringing of a bell (ii) the buzzing of a face (iii) the sparkle of mountain stream (iv) magic spell

2. The girl said she was getting off at --  (i) Dehra (ii) Mussorie (iii) Rohana (iv)  Saharanpur

3. From Dehera, Ruskin Bond was going – (i) to Mussoorie  (ii) Rohana (iii) to a hill station (iv) to Saharanpur

4.According to the blind narrator – (i) few girls can resist flattery (ii) all girls like flattery (iii) all girls can resist flattery (iv) no girls like flattery

5. When did the girl love the hills of Mussoorie?  (i) in March (ii) in December (iii) in September (iv) in October

6.What did the third passenger notice in the girl? (i) her hair (ii) her beautiful figure (iii) her beautiful eyes (iv) her voice

6.Kalam’s father started his day – (i) at 4p.m. (ii) at early morning (iii) at 4a,m, (iv) at dawn

7.The ancestral house of Kalam was in – (i) the Mosque street (ii) the Mosque street in Madras (iii) the mosque street in Rameswaram

8.Rameshwaram was famous to pilgrims for – (i) the Vishnu temple  (ii) the Shiva temple (iii) the Tirupati temple (iv) the Mosque

9. A.P J. Abdul Kalam was by birth a – (i) Telugu (ii) Tamil (iii) Kannad (iv) Malayali

10.The woman worked in a – (i) hotel (ii) shop (iii) hotel bar (iv) hotel beauty shop

11.What's the intension of the woman in “Thank YouMa’am”?- (i) to punish the boy (ii) to clean his dirty face (iii) to teach him right from wrong (iv) to hand him over to the police

12. Where did the woman bring the boy? –(i) to her home (ii) to the police station (iii) to her home town (iv) to the home of the boy      

                             

13.The boy in Thank you Ma’am’ would never in his life – (i) like Luella Bates (ii) remember Luella Bates (iii) dislike Luella Bates (iv) forget Luella Bates

14. The boy could hardly say more than “ Thank you Ma’am” because – (i) he did not see the lady (ii) he was very afraid (iii) the door was shut (iv) he never saw the lady again

15.The boy in “Thank you Ma’am” wanted to buy a pair of – (i) red shirts (ii) blue suede shoes (iii) faded jeans (iv) black suede shoes

16.The Tsar went to the hermit – (i) alone (ii) with his hoarse (iii) with his friend (iv) with his bodyguard

 17. The Tsar belonged to –(i) the Prime Minister of Great Britain (ii) the President of Russia (iii) the King of Japan (iv) the King of Russia

18. The most important time of the Tsar according to the hermit was – (i) the future time (ii) the past time (iii) the present time (iv) the time when he was digging the beds

19) The hermit received – (i) only the minister (ii) only the poor people (iii) only the kings (iv) only the common people

 20)The hermit never quitted (i) the cottage he lived in (ii) the road he could see (iii) the retreat he lived in (iv) the wood he lived in

What did the Tsar bring to the wounded man to drink –(i) hot milk (ii) fresh water (iii) hot water (iv) cold milk

The beard man was wounded by ---(i) the Tsar (ii) the Tsar’s bodyguard (iii) the hermit (iv) his brother

Leo Tolstoy’s “Three Questions” can be taken as a –(i) Novel (ii) short story (iii) drama (iv) Epic

 Mrs. Jones cut for Roger –(i) half of her ten cent cake (ii) full of ten cent cake (iii) quarter of her twenty cent cake (iv) half of her fifty cent cake

What further arouses the narrator’s curiosity about the girl in “The Eyes have it”? – (i) her perfume (ii) her appearance (iii) her voice (iv) her sense of humour

N.B.: Examinees are requested to go through the text attentively.

Answer any four of the following questions in a single sentence:          1X4= 4

(1) What does kalam's father say about the relevance of prayer?

Ans: Kalam's father says that prayer makes a possible communion of the spirit between people.

(2) Describe the ancestral house of Kalam.

Answer: Kalam's ancestral house  built in the middle of the 19th century was a fairly large pucca house made of limestone and brick, on the Mosque street in Rameshwaram.

(3) Where did Kalam sit to eat?

 Answer: Kalam normally sat on the floor on the kitchen to eat with his mother.

(4) Where did Kalam’s father go to collect coconuts?

 Answer:  Kalam’s father went to their coconut grove to collect coconuts.

(5) Who waited for Kalam’s father outside the mosque after the evening prayer?

  Answer:  People of different religions waited for Kalam’s father outside the mosque after the evening prayer.

(6) Who took Kalam for the evening prayer?

Answer:  Kalam’s father took Kalam to the mosque for the evening prayer.

(7) Who got the title of ‘Bahadur’ from the British?

 Answer: One of the forebears of Abdul Kalam’s mother got the title of ‘Bahadur’ from the British.

(8) Name a distinguished friend of A.P.J.  Abdul Kalam’s father.

 Answer:  The name of the distinguished friend of Kalam’s father was Pakshi Lakshmana Shastri.

(9) Who was bestowed the title of 'Bahadur' in 'Strong Roots'?

Answer: In 'Strong Roots' one of the forebears of kalam's mother was bestowed the title of 'Bahadur' by the British.

(10) Who was the priest of Shiva temple in  'Strong Roots'?

Answer: In  'Strong Roots' Pakshi Lakshmana sastry was the priest of Shiva temple in Rameshwaram

 (11) What did the narrator ask the new passenger about the girl?

Ans: the narrator asked the new passenger how the hair of the departing girl was.

(12) Why could not the girl bear a long journey in a train? 

Ans: The girl could not bear a long journey in a train because she could not bear to sit long hours in a train.

(13) What remark did the narrator make about people with good eyesight?

Answer: The narrator remarked that people with good eye-sight often fail to see what is right in front of them as they have too much to take in.

(14) How did the narrator in 'The Eyes Have It' describe the voice of the blind girl?

Answer: The narrator in 'The Eyes Have It' said that the voice of the blind girl had The sparkle of a mountain stream.

(15) What were the eyes of the narrator in 'The Eyes Have It' sensitive to?

Answer: The eyes of the narrator in 'The Eyes Have It'  are sensitive to light and darkness.

(16) How did the girl describe the narrator?

Answer: The girl remarked that the narrator was very gallant young man.

(17) When do the hills look lovely, according to Ruskin Bond?

Ans: According to Ruskin Bond the hills look lovely in October.

(18) Who would come to receive the girl at Saharanpur?

Ans: the aunt of the girl would come to receive the girl at Saharanpur.

(19) What did the second fellow- passenger say to the blind narrator about the girl’s eyes?

Answer: The second fellow-passenger told the blind narrator that the girl’s eyes were beautiful and attractive but were of no use to her.

(20) Why was the girl in “The Eyes Have It” startled by the narrator’s question?

  Answer: The girl was startled by the narrator’s question because she did not know that there was any one in the compartment as she could not see even.

(21) What was the girl’s reply when the narrator told the girl that she had an ‘interesting face’?

Answer: The girl laughed and admitted that many of her acquaintances had already told her that she had an ‘interesting face’.

(22)  At which station did the blind girl get into the train?

Answer: The blind girl got into the train at Rohana station.

(23) How did the narrator know that the girl wore slippers?

 Answer: the narrator knew that the girl wore slippers from the sound of slippers when they slapped against her heels.

(24) Who broke the reverie of the narrator in train? Answer: The new passenger broke the reverie of the narrator in train.

(25) What advice did Mrs. Jones give to Rodger at the end of the story?

Answer: At the end of the story Mrs. Jones advised Roger to behave properly and never to steal anyone's pocketbook because it would bring him misfortune.

(26) What did Mrs. Luella Jones ask the boy to pick up?

Answer: Mrs. Luella Jones ask the boy to pick up her pocket-book.

(27) Why did Roger try to snatch the purse of Mrs. Jones?

 Answer:  Roger tried to snatch the purse of Mrs.Jones to buy a pair of blue suede shoes.

(28) When did Roger try to snatch the purse of Mrs. Jones?

  Answer:  Roger tried to snatch the purse of Mrs. Jones at about 11 o’clock at night.

(29) What was the full name of Mrs. Jones?

Answer: The full name of Mrs. Jones was Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones.

(30) According to Mrs Jones, how old was the boy?

Answer: According to Mrs. Jones the boy was 14 or 15 years old.

(31) What were there behind the screen in Mrs. Jones's room?

Answer: A gas plate and an icebox were there behind the screen in Mrs. Jones's room.

(32) Where did Mrs. Jones turn the boy loose?

  Answer: Mrs. Jones turned the boy loose at her large kitchenette furnished room at the rear of his house.

(33) What was the price of the cake the boy was given a part of in “Thank you Ma’am”?

Answer: The price of the cake the boy was given a part of was ten cents in “Thank you Ma’am”.

(34) How did the Tsar meet the hermit?

Answer: The Tsar put on a simple clothes like a common man, left his bodyguards behind him and went alone to meet the hermit.

(35) Why did the Tsar put on simple cloth before meeting the hermit?

Ans: The Tsar put on a simple cloth before meeting the hermit because the hermit received only the common folk.

(36) Why did learned men come to the Tsar?

 Answer: the learn men came to the Tsar to get answer of his three questions.

(37) What was the hermit doing when the Tsar came to visit him?

Answer: The hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut when the Year came to visit him.

(38) Where did the Tsar fall asleep?

Answer: The Tsar fell asleep on the threshold of the hermit's hut.

(39) Why did the man want to take revenge?

Answer: The man wanted to take revenge because the Tsar killed the man's brother and seized his property.

(40) Where did the hermit in  'Three Questions' live?

Answer: The hermit in 'Three Questions' lived in a wood that he never left.

(41) Which part of the body of the bearded man was injured in the story 'Three Questions'?

Answer: In the story 'Three Questions' the bearded man was injured in his stomach.

(42)  How was the hermit? 

  Answer: The hermit was frail and weak.

(43) Why did the Tsar want to know the answers of all his questions?

 Answer:  the Tsar wanted to know the answers of all his three questions because the Tsar would never fail in anything if he knew this.

(44) How many beds had the Tsar dug? 

 Answer: The Tsar had dug two beds.

(45) What was the second question of the Tsar?

  Answer:  The second question of the Tsar was who the most necessary people were.

(46) What was the first question of the Tsar?

Answer:  The first question of the Tsar was what the right time for every action was.

47) What was the third question of the Tsar?

 Answer:  The third question of the Tsar was whatthe most important time to do was.

N.B.: Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.

                               POETRY 

4. Complete the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answers from the alternatives given: (MCQ)                                                                                                 1x4=4

“Miniature boughs/which if unchecked will expand again.” – the word Miniature means  (i) small  (ii) very small (iii) not so big  (iv) very big

To kill a tree – (i) is not easy  (ii) is almost impossible  (iii) is a right thing  (iv) takes less time

A tree grows—(i) rooted deep in the earth  (ii) shedding leaves  (iii) slowly consuming the earth  (iv) eroding soil

   The soldier lies in the valley because he is a – (i) winner in the war  (ii) casualty of war  (iii) sleeping person  (iv) chocolate-cream soldier

The dead soldier was – (i) not very young  (ii) middle aged  (iii) very young  (iv) an aged person

The poet requests Nature – (i) to lull the soldier to sleep  (ii) to disturb the soldier’s sleep  (iii) to keep the soldier warm  (iv) to make the soldier catch cold

“Thou art more lovely and more temperate.”  The word ‘thou’ refers to – (i) the poet’s lady love  (ii) the poet’s mother  (iii) the poet’s friend  (iv) the poet himself

‘But the eternal summer shall not fade’ The word opposite in meaning to ‘eternal’ is – (i) universal  (ii) momentary  (iii) temporal  (iv) decayed

“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.” The reference here is to –(i) Mars  (ii) the Sun  (iii) the Moon  (iv) Jupiter

Grasshoppers fly in England – (i) in autumn  (ii) in winter  (iii) in spring (iv) in summer

According to Keats, the music of earth ceases – (i) in summer  (ii) in winter  (iii) in autumn  (iv) at no point of time

A winter evening is (i) hazy  (ii) silent  (iii) gloomy  (iv) delightful

 Who represents the music of winter in the ‘Poetry of Earth’?—(i) fly  (ii) cricket  (iii) bee (iv) grasshopper

N.B.: Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

5. Answer any four of the following questions in a single sentence each (Sof Poems)                                                                                                        1x4=4

(1) Where will green twigs rise from?

Answer: The green twigs will rise from close to the ground.

(2) "not so much pain will do it......."  What task does the word 'it' refer to?

Answer: The word 'it' refers to the task of  killing a tree.

(3) What according to Gieve Patel is 'the most sensitive part of a tree'?

Answer: According to Gieve Patel 'the most sensitive part of the tree' is root.

(4) What does the phrase 'earth cave' refer to?

Answer: The phrase 'rarth cave' refers to the large hole in the ground created by the  uprooting of the tree.

(5) What type of poem is ‘On Killing a Tree’?  Answer: ‘On Killing a Tree’ is a free verse.

(6) What scorch and choke the tree after it is pulled out?

Answer: The sun  scorch and choke the tree after it is pulled out.

(7) ‘And then it is done’— What act is referred to here?

 Answer:  The ‘accomplishment’ of having killed the tree is referred to here.

(8) How does a tree grow?

Answer: Atree grows slowly by consuming the earth and absorbing sunlight, air and water for years.

(9) What is to be done with the root in the poem “On Killing a Tree”?

  Answer:  The root is to be pulled out of the anchoring earth in the poem “On Killing a Tree”.

(10) What causes the bark of a tree to bleed?

Answer: The cruel act of hacking and chopping of a tree causes the bark to bleed.

(11) In what manner does the soldier lie in the countryside?

 Answer: The soldier in the countryside is lying in as if he is first asleep.

(12) Why is the soldier pale?

Answer: The soldier is pale because he is dead.

(13) How does the poet bring out the innocence of the soldier in 'Aseep in the Valley'?

Answer: In 'Asleep in the Valley' the poet brings out the innocence of the soldier by comparing the soldier's smile to an infant.

(14) What is the smile of the dead soldier compare to?

 Answer:  The smile of the dead soldier is compared to an infant’s gentle and pure smile.

(15) The humming insects don’t disturb his rest”; Why?

 Answer:  The humming insects don’t disturb his rest because he is enjoying an eternal sleep.

(16) Where were the soldier’s feet?

 Answer: The soldier’s feet were among the flowers.

(17) What is described as ' gentle', without guile

Answer: The innocent smile lingering on the face of the dead soldier is described as 'gentle without guile'.

(18) Where does the stream live 'long strands of silver'?

Answer: The stream leaves 'long strands of silver' on the bright grass of a small green valley

(19) What does the slow stream leave on the bright grass?

 Answer:  The slow stream leaves long strands of silver on the bright grass.

(20) What is the soldier’s pillow made of?

 Answer:  The soldier’s pillow is made of fern.

(21) Why does the poet ask nature to keep the soldier warm?

Answer: The poet ask nature to keep the soldier warm so that he may not catch cold.

(22) What does Shakespeare compare his friend to?

Answer:  Shakespeare compares his friend to a summer’s day.

(23) What shall death not brag?

 Answer:  death will not be able to brag about the charming existence of the poet’s friend in his ‘shade’.

(24) What will make the beauty of the poet's friend eternal?

Answer: Eternal poetry will make the beauty of the poet's friend eternal.

(25) How is the gold complexion of the sun dimmed?

Answer: The cloud makes the gold complexion of summer dimmed.

(26) "And summer's lease hath all too short a date" ----What is meant by summer's lease?

Answer: summer's lease means short duration of Summer.

(27) "So long lives this" --- What is referred to by the word 'this'?

Answer: The word 'this' refers to Shakespeare's sonnet No. 18

(28) Where does grasshopper rest at ease in summer?

 Answer:  In summer the grasshopper rests at ease beneath some pleasant weeds.

(29) What gives life to the poet's friend in Shakespeare's sonnet No. 18?

Answer: This poem (Sonnet No. 18) gives life to the poet's friend.

(30) How long will the young man be remembered in Shakespeare's Sonnet No. 18?

Answer: In Shakespeare's sonnet No. 18, the young man will be remembered so long as men can breath or eyes can see.

(31) What shakes the darling buds of May? 

Answer:  The rough winds shake the darling buds of May.

(32) who takes the lead in summer?

Answer: The grasshopper takes the lead in summer.

(33) what do the birds do in summer?

Answer:  The birds faint due to the heat of sun in summer and height in the following trees.

(34) "A voice will run from hedge to hedge"-- Whose voice is referred to here?

Answer: The voice of the grasshopper has been referred to here.

(35) "He has never done with his delights"-- Who is 'he' referred to here?

Answer: Here 'he' refers to the grasshopper.

(36) What does the cricket’s song seem to one in drowsiness half-lost?

Answer:  The cricket’s song seems to be the songs of grasshopper to ‘one in drowsiness

(37) What does Keats celebrate in the poem “The Poetry of Earth”?

Answer:   In the poem “The Poetry of Earth “, Keats celebrates the music of earth through the cycle of seasons.

(38) Where does the grasshopper rest?

Answer: The Grasshopper takes rest beneath some pleasant weed.

(39) From where is the song of the cricket heard in 'The poetry of Earth'?

Answer: The cricket's song seems  to shrill from the stove.

(40) What might one hear on a lone, cold and silent winter evening?

Answer: On a lone, cold and silent winter evening one might hear the cricket's song from the stove

N.B.: Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.

                                              PLAY

7. Complete each of the following sentences choosing the correct option from the alternatives provided:                                     1x4=4

(i) Lomov has come to Chubucov to ask for- (a) the Oxen Meadows, (b) some money (c) the hands of Natalya in marriage, (d) none of the above

(ii) The Proposal is a/an---- (a) one –act play, (b) tragedy, (c) comedy, (d) farce

(iii) The setting of the play is- (a) Lomov’s drawing room, (b) Museum, (c) Chubucov’s country house (d) French

(iv) The first argument is over- (a) land, (b) labour, (c) hunting dogs, (d) inheritance.

N.B.: Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

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