Saturday, 1 April 2017

HS দর্শন (WBCHSE)(বাক্যকে বচনে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম)

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নিরপেক্ষ বচন ও বাক্যকে বচনে পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

নিরপেক্ষ বচন: দুটি পদের মধ্যে সম্বন্ধের স্বীকৃতি বা অস্বীকৃতিকে বচন বলে।

যেমন,  ( A) সকল মানুষ হয় মরনশীল ।
            (E ) কোন মানুষ নয় অমর।

গুন ও পরিমাণ অনুসারে নিরপেক্ষ বচন চার প্রকার :
            মানক           গুন (সংযোজক)
ক) সামান্য / সার্বিক      সদর্থক      (A)
খ) সামান্য / সার্বিক      নঞর্থক     (E)
গ) বিশেষ                      সদর্থক     (I)
ঘ) বিশেষ                      নঞর্থক   (O)

এই নিরপেক্ষ বচনের সাংকেতিক আকার:

বচন:      মানক      উদ্দেশ্যে    সংযোজক  বিধেয়
( A)          সকল         S               হয়            P
( E)         কোনো         S               নয়           P
( I ) কোনো কোনো      S               হয়           P
( O) কোনো কোনো      S               নয়          P

 A  বচন হলে     গুন  :      সদর্থক
                   পরিমান :      সার্বিক / সামান্য

E বচন হলে         গুন :    নঞর্থক
                      পরিমান:  সার্বিক /সামান্য
  
I  বচন হলে         গুন:     সদর্থক
                   পরিমান:     বিশেষ

 O বচন হলে      গুন:     নঞর্থক
                     পরিমান:  বিশেষ
**
গুন: কোন বচনের 'গুন' বলতে বচনটির উদ্দেশ্য পদ সম্পর্কে বিধেয়পদের কোন কিছু স্বীকার করা বা অস্বীকার করাকে বোঝায়। সাধারণভাবে কোন কিছু স্বীকার করলে বচনটি সদর্থক হয়, আর অস্বীকার করলে বচনটি নঞর্থক হয়। কাজেই বচনের সদর্থক হওয়া বা নঞর্থক হওয়াকে বলা হয় বচনের গুণ।

পরিমান: কোন বচন এর পরিমাণ বলতে বচনটি উদ্দেশ্য শ্রেণী সম্পর্কেে বিধেয় শ্রেণীটির সামগ্রিক বা আংশিকভাবে স্বীকার বা অস্বীকার করাকে বোঝায়। সাধারণভাবে উদ্দেশ্য শ্রেণীর সামগ্রিক অংশকে বোঝালে বচনটি সামান্য হয়, আর আংশিক অংশকে বোঝালে বচনটি বিশেষ হয়। কাজেই বচনের সামান্য হওয়া বা বিশেষ হওয়াকে বলা হয় বচনের পরিমাণ। এটি বচনের প্রথম অংশ।

উদ্দেশ্য: বচনে / বাক্যে যার সম্বন্ধে কিছু স্বীকার বা অস্বীকার করা হয় তাঁকে উদ্দেশ্য বলে। এই উদ্দেশ্য পদ হলো বচনের দ্বিতীয় অংশ।

সংযোজক: যে শব্দের দ্বারা উদ্দেশ্য পদ ও বিধেয় পদের মধ্যে সংযোগ স্থাপন করা হয় তাকেই বলে সংযোজক। এই সংযোজক কোন পদ নয় এটি একটি শব্দ মাত্র। সংযোজক হল বচনের তৃতীয় অংশ যা বচনের উদ্দেশ্য পদের পরে অবস্থান করে।

বিধেয়: উদ্দেশ্য সম্বন্ধে যা কিছু স্বীকার বা অস্বীকার করা হয় তাকে বিধেয় বলে। বিধেয় পদ হলো বচনের চতুর্থ বা শেষ অংশ।
**

বিশেষভাবে মনে রাখতে হবে :

# বাক্যের উদ্দেশ্যকে সম্পূর্ণভাবে স্বীকার করলেই A বচন করতে হবে।
# বাক্যের উদ্দেশ্যকে সম্পূর্ণভাবে অস্বীকার করলে E বচন করতে হবে।
# বাক্যের উদ্দেশ্যকে আংশিকভাবে স্বীকার করলে I বচন করতে হবে
# বাক্যের উদ্দেশ্যকে আংশিকভাবে অস্বীকার করলে O বচন করতে হবে

*বাককে বচনে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

1) বাক্যকে বচনে করার সময় অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রাখতে হবে।

2) বাক‍্যের উদ্দেশ্য পদ নাম পদ, সর্বনাম পদ, নির্দিষ্ট পদ , বিশিষ্ট পদ, গুনবাচক পদ এবং বাক‍্য সদর্থক ( হ‍্যা বাচক) হলে A বচন হবে, আর যদি বাক‍্য নঞর্থক (না বাচক ) হয় তবে E বচন হবে। এক্ষেত্রে মানক 'সকল' এবং 'কোনো' থাকবে না। অর্থাৎ উদ্দেশ‍্য, সংযোজক এবং বিধেয় এই তিনটি অংশ থাকবে।যেমন,

1)  তিনি একজন দার্শনিক । (2 ) তিনি দার্শনিক নন।

উত্তর: 1) L.F : ( A ) তিনি হন একজন দার্শনিক।

          2)  L.F : ( E ) তিনি নন দার্শনিক।

3) সংযোজক বর্তমান কালের হওয়া ক্রিয়ার( হয়, হই, হন, হও ইত‍্যাদির) যে কোনো একটি হবে। এক্ষেত্রে বাক‍্য অতীত বা ভবিষ্যৎ কালের হইলে কাল প্রকাশক চিহ্ন বিধেয়ের পরে লিখতে হবে। যেমন,  

রবীন্দ্রনাথ কবি ছিলেন।
L.F.: (A) রবীন্দ্রনাথ হন ব‍্যক্তি যিনি কবি ছিলেন।

4) যেখানে উদ্দেশ্যের পরিমাণ নির্দেশিত নয়, সেখানে অর্থ বুঝে পরিমান প্রকাশ করতে হবে। যেমন,

(১)  আম মিষ্টি
L.F : ( I) কোনো কোনো আম হয় মিষ্টি।

(২)  মানুষ মরনশীল।
L.F.  :  (A ) সকল মানুষ হয় মরনশীল।

(5) বাক‍্যে সমস্ত, প্রত‍্যেক, প্রত‍্যেকে, মাত্রই, যে...সে, সর্বদা, অবশ্যই, নিশ্চয়ই, যেকোনো, একান্তভাবে, যেখানে..সেখানে প্রভৃতি শব্দ অথবা এদের সমার্থক শব্দ থাকলে এবং বাক‍্যটি সদর্থক( হ‍্যা- বাচক) হলে A বচন হবে। আর যদি বাক‍্যটি নঞর্থক( না বাচক) হয় তবে O বচন হবে। যেমন, 

(১) সব  মানুষ মরনশীল।
L.F.  :  (A ) সকল মানুষ হয় মরনশীল।

(২)সব মানুষ অন্ধ নয়
L.F.  :  (O) কোনো কোনো মানুষ নয় অন্ধ

6) নয়, কেউ নয়, কোনো...নয়, কখনও...নয়, এক....নয়, একদম...নয়, পারে না, নেই, যুগপৎ...নয় প্রভৃতি শব্দ থাকলে E বচন হবে। যেমন,

(১) গরু ছাগল নয়।
L.F.  : (E) কোনো গরু নয় ছাগল।

7) প্রক্ষেপক বা বর্জনমুলক বচন : একমাত্র, শুধুমাত্র, কেবলমাত্র, কেবল, শুধু, মাত্র, ছাড়া কেউ নয়, বাদে কেউ নয়, ব‍্যতীত কেউ নয়  এই জাতীয় শব্দ বাক‍্যে থাকলে A বচন হবে। এক্ষেত্রে বাক‍্যের উদ্দেশ্যে ও বিধেয় পদ বচনের যথাক্রমে বিধেয় ও উদ্দেশ্যে পদ হবে।

*কেবলমাত্র/একমাত্র  = বাদে কেউ নয়/ছাড়া নয়
যেমন,

(১) একমাত্র বিজ্ঞানীরা প্রগতিশীল।
L.F.:  (A) সকল প্রগতিশীল ব‍্যক্তি হয় বিজ্ঞানী‌।

(২) পরিশ্রমী ছাড়া কেউ সফল হয় না।
L.F. : (A) সকল সফল ব‍্যক্তি হয় পরিশ্রমী ব‍্যক্তি।

(৩) শুধুমাত্র শিশুরাই চকলেট ভালোবাসে।
L.F (A) সকল ব‍্যক্তি,যারা চকলেট ভলোবাসে                                                                  হয় শিশু।                    OR,
L.F. : সকল চকলেট প্রিয় ব‍্যক্তি হয় শিশু।   (A)

বি:দ্র: একমাত্র, শুধুমাত্র ,শুধু ইত‍্যাদি শব্দ উদ্দেশ্যের পরে থাকলে , সেক্ষেত্রে উদ্দেশ্যবিধেয় স্থান পরিবর্তন হবে না। অর্থাৎ উক্ত শব্দ যার আগে থাকবে সেটিই বচনের বিধেয় হবে। যেমন,

 সাধুরা একমাত্র সৎ হয়।
L.F. : (A) সকল সাধু হয় সৎ ব‍্যক্তি।

8. কদাচিৎক্কচিৎখুব কম সংখ্যক জাতীয় শব্দ বাক‍্যে থাকলে O বচন হবে, তবে বাক‍্যে না বাচক ( না, নি, নয় ) থাকলে I বচন হবে।

কদাচিৎ+হ‍্যা বাচক = (I) কোনো কোনো  S নয় P 
কদাচিৎ+না বাচক= (O) কোন কোন S হয় P

অর্থাৎ  কদাচিৎ+হয় = নয়
            কদাচিৎ+নয় = হয়
যেমন,
 1. খুব কম সংখ্যক মানুষ স্বার্থপর।
L.F. : (O) কোনো কোনো মানুষ নয় স্বার্থপর।

2. খুব কম সংখ্যক মানুষ স্বার্থপর নয়।
L.F. : (I) কোনো কোনো মানুষ হয় স্বার্থপর।

9. ইচ্ছাসূচক, আদেশ, বিস্ময় সূচক বাক্যকে A/E বচনে পরিণত করা সুবিধাজনক। যেমন,

 তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও।
উত্তর: L.F:  (A) তুমি দীর্ঘজীবী হও হয় আমার কামনা।

10. প্রশ্নসূচক বাক্য: প্রশ্নসূচক বাক্যকে বচনে পরিণত করার সময় প্রশ্নের উত্তরের দিকে লক্ষ্য রাখতে হবে। ওই উত্তর অনুসারে বাক্যটিকে বচনে পরিণত করতে হবে। 

এক্ষেত্রে প্রশ্নসূচক বাক্য টি সদর্থক হলে E বচনে, আর বাক্যটি নঞর্থক হলে A বচনে পরিণত করতে হবে।  যেমন-
 (১) কোন মাতা স্নেহশীলানন?
উত্তর: L.F. (A) সকল মাতা হয় স্নেহশীলা।

(২) মন্ত্রীরা কি সর্বশক্তিমান?
উঃ L.F. (E) কোন মন্ত্রী নয় সর্বশক্তিমান।

11. ব্যতীতিক বচন বা ব্যতিক্রমমূলক বচন : যদি কোন বাক্যে ব্যতীত, ছাড়া, বাদে প্রভৃতি ব্যতিক্রম সূচক শব্দ থাকে, তবে সে ক্ষেত্রে ব্যতিক্রম সুনির্দিষ্ট হলে 'A' বচন হবে। আর ব্যতিক্রম অনির্দিষ্ট হলে 'I' বচন হবে। 

সংক্ষেপে: সুনির্দিষ্ট + ব্যতীত/ছাড়া/ বাদে = 'A' বচন
              অনির্দিষ্ট + ব্যতীত/ ছাড়া /বাদে  = 'I' বচন
যেমন,
 (১) পারদ ছাড়া সব ধাতু কঠিন।
L.F. : (A) সকল ধাতু (পারদ ছাড় ) হয় কঠিন পদার্থ।

         (২) একটি ছাড়া সব ধাতু কঠিন।
L.F. : (I) কোন কোন ধাতু হয় কঠিন পদার্থ।

বি:দ্র:ব্যতীত/ছাড়া = কেবলমাত্র ......না/ শুধুমাত্র.....নয়

12. কোন বাক্যে আছে বলতে যদি কোন গুণের অস্তিত্বকে নির্দেশ করা হয় তবে সে ক্ষেত্রে যে গুণটিকে আছে বলা হচ্ছে সেটি যদি জাতিবাচক উদ্দেশ্যের আকস্মিক গুন হয় তবে I বচন আর আবশ্যিক গুণ হলে A বচন হবে।
সংক্ষেপে:  আছে +আবশ্যিক গুণ =A বচন হবে
                 আছে +আকস্মিক গুণ = I বচন হবে।
যেমন,
 (১) সাদা হাতি আছে।
L. F. (I) কোন কোন হাতি হয় সাদা প্রাণী।

(২) পাখির ডানা আছে।
L. F. (A) সকল পাখি হয় ডানাযুক্ত প্রাণী।

13. কোন বাক্যে 'এক' 'একটি' ইত্যাদি  অনির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ সূচক শব্দ থাকলে অর্থ বুঝে কোথাও সামান্য বচন কোথাও বিশেষ বচন করতে হবে। যেমন,

(১) একটি বাদুর স্তন্যপায়ী
L.F. (A) সকল বাদুর হয় স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণী।

(২) একটি ধাতু কঠিন।
 L. F. (I) কোন কোন ধাতু হয় কঠিন বস্তু।
14. প্রাকল্পিক বচন: প্রাকল্পিক বচনের দুটি অংশ থাকে-  পূর্বগ এবং অনুগ। পূর্বগ অশে উল্লেখ করা বিষয়টি নির্দিষ্ট হলে সেটি সর্বদাই প্রাকল্পিক বচন হবে, তাকে কখনোই নিরপেক্ষ বচনে রূপান্তরিত করা যাবেনা।  কিন্তু পূর্বগ অংশে উল্লেখ করা বিষয়টি অনির্দিষ্ট হলে সেই বচনটি নিরপেক্ষ বচনে রূপান্তরত করা যেতে পারে। এক্ষেত্রে-

(১) যদি পূর্বগ ও অনুগ দুটি অংশই হ্যাঁ বাচক হয় তাহলে A বচন হবে। যেমন,

যদি কোন দেশ স্বাধীন হয় তাহলে তা উন্নতশীল।
L.F. (A) সকল স্বাধীন দেশে হয় উন্নতিশীল দেশ।

(২) যদি পূর্বগ হ্যাঁ-বাচক এবং অনু না-বাচক হয় তাহলে বচনটি E হবে । যেমন,

যদি কেউ মানুষ হয় তাহলে সে সর্বাঙ্গসুন্দর নয়।
L.F. (E) কোনো মানুষ নয় সর্বাঙ্গসুন্দর।

(৩)  যদি পূর্বগ এবং অনুগ দুটি অংশই না-বাচক হয় তাহলে বচন A হবে। যেমন,

যদি কোন ব্যক্তি পরিশ্রম না করে ,তাহলে সে সফল হবে না।
L.F. (A) সকল পরিশ্রমী ব্যক্তি হওয়ায় সফল ব্যক্তি।




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Project Of Work Class XI (WBCHSE)

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           Project Work
                     On
                                  Dramatization of a Story
                           Entitled
                    Leela’s Friend
                                          --R.K. Narayan
                                   THANGAPARA HIGH SCHOOL
Thangapara, Jalalpur, Dakshin Dinajpur
                              Project Work
                                 Submitted by
Name of the
Student………………………………………………….
Roll No. …………………Section………………………………………
Registration No…………………………………… (201….-201... )
                    Acknowledgement
                   This project has given me golden opportunity for learning and self-development through collaborative activities. I want to thank respected Mr. /Mrs.__________________________  to whom I owe specially for preparing this project based on the beautiful story, entitled ‘Leela’s Friend’ written by R.K. Narayan.
                    I do want to extend my heartfelt thanks to my friends, parents and others who helped me in various ways to make a final draft of this work and submit the same to our school.


                                                                               Signature of the student
                                                                 ………………………………………………………………..









CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Project Report entitled dramatization of R.K. Narayan’s short story ‘Leela’s Friend’ prepared by ___________________ Class XI Roll No._______ Registration No. ______________ Year 201…-1…. submitted in partial fulfilment to class XI English Course during the academic year 201…-1… is a bonafied record of project work carried out under my guidance and supervision.


                                                                                  Signature of the Project Guide
                                                                                 Name: …………………………………………………………
                                                                                Designation: …Assistant teacher
                                                                                    Department:    English
                                                                             School: ……………………………………………………….
                                                                                           …………………………..…………………………………………….




Contents
(1)                            Introduction                                                             Page

(2)                      Procedures and Input                                         Page

(3)                     Out of the project                                                  Page

(4)                      Conclusion                                                                 Page

(5)                      References/Bibliography                               Page














Introduction
1.1 Project in our syllabus:
As per the new syllabus, Project work has been included as a part of the curriculum. We have made the choice according to the availability of 

1.2 objectives:  We will be able to

(i) dramatize the characters, setting, and events in a story and events in a story.

(ii) write dialogues to retell the story as a play.

(iii) add elements of drama to the flow of events.

1.3 Limitations
(i) The duration for the entire project was only ten periods.

(ii) It took a long time to select the exact piece of writing which could be transformed.

(iii) For this particular project, group work doesn’t help much as it demands individual imagination and not a number of opinions.





Procedures and Input

For the dramatization of R.K. Narayan’s story ‘Leela’s Friend’ we worked in groups and sometimes in pairs through a systematic process. Our teacher fixed 10 interventions for carrying out the project.  The details of our activities are enumerated below:

First intervention: On the first day, we discussed some of the stories. Then we minutely listened to all the stories and selected R.K. Narayan’s ‘Leela’s Friend’.

Second intervention: On the second day, our teacher taught us different aspects of Indian society and culture. We asked the teacher a number of questions related to what he taught.

Third invention: On the third day, we tried to locate the differences of the story from an Indian story.  Then we were divided into groups.

Fourth intervention: On the fourth day, we started to change the story so that it looks Indian. Then we encountered some difficulties with the language that were needed to be changed.

Fifth intervention: On the fifth day, we prepared the draft of our Indian version of the story. Then we read out our manuscripts. The teacher asked each group to make changes to the script where it was found necessary.

Sixth intervention: On the sixth day, we selected the best manuscript. Then we worked together for its further betterment. Another draft was prepared.

Seventh intervention: On the seventh day, we prepared the final manuscript .Then we read out the manuscript in the presence of our teacher.
Eighth intervention: On the eighth day, the photocopies of the final manuscript were distributed among the students for review.

Ninth intervention: On the ninth day, each group read out their reviews before of the class.

Tenth intervention: Students shared their experience with the teacher. The project report was submitted for evaluation and assessment.

OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT
                                                LEELA’S FRIEND
      Characters: Leela (Sivasankar’s five-year-old daughter)
                           Mr. Sivasanker(Leela’s father),
                           Mrs. Sivasanker(Leela’s mother)
                           Sidda (servant)
                           Police inspector
                           Constable
      Place: House of Mr. Sivasanker
      Scrip
 [Narrator: Mr. Sivasanker is a middle-aged man. His family comprises his wife and his five year old daughter, Leela. He works in an office. The only problem he now faces is the problem of appointing a good servant for household work and looking after his daughter.] 
(Mr. Sivasanker stands in the front veranda of his house.  He is brooding over the servant problem. A young man named Sidda enters.)
Scene –(I)
Sidda                          : Sir, do you want a servant?
Mr. Sivasanker          : Come in.
                                    (Sidda opened the gate and came in.)
Mr. Sivasanker     : (subjected him to a scrutiny and said to himself)                                         
                                     Doesn’t seem to be a bad sort ... At any rate, the
                                    fellow looks tidy.
Mr. Sivasanker           : Where were you before? What’s your name.
Sidda                        : In a bungalow there.(indicating a vague somewhere) in the doctor’s house.
Mr. Sivasanker           : What is his name:
Sidda                          : I don’t know master. He lives near the market
Mr. Sivasanker           : Why did they send you away?
Sidda                          : (Giving the stock reply) They left the town, master.
                                    (Mr Sivasanker was unable to make up his mind. He                                        called his wife. She looked at Sidda.)
His wife                    :He doesn’t seem to me worse than the others we have                                     had.
                                 (Leela, their five-year-old daughter, cane out, looked at                                    Sidd)
Leela                          : (Giving a cry of joy) Oh Father!
Leela                         : I like him. Don’t send him away. Let us keep him in                                      our house." And that
                                (Then they decided to keep Sidda as their servant. Sidda                                  was given two meals a day and four rupees a month, in                                 return for which he washed clothes, tended the garden,                                    ran errands, chopped wood and looked after Leela.)

Leela                        : (Crying) Sidda, come and play!"
                                ( Sidda had to drop any work he might be doing and run                                to her, as she stood in the front garden with a red ball in                                  her hand. His company made her supremely happy. She                                  flung the ball at him and he flung it back.)
Leela                       : Now throw the ball into the sky.
                               (Sidda clutched the ball, closed his eyes for a second and                                 threw the ball up. When the ball came down again)
Sidda                    : Now this has touched the moon and come. You see here                               a little bit of the moon sticking.
                              (Leela keenly examined the ball for traces of the moon.)
Leela                      : I don’t see it."

Sidda                   : You must be very quick about it because it will all                                         evaporate and go back to the moon. Now hurry up....
                            (He covered the ball tightly with his fingers and allowed                                  her to peep through a little gap.)
Leela                   : Ah yes, I see the moon, but is the moon very wet?"
Sidda                   : Certainly it is.
Leela                   : What is in the sky, Sidda?"
Sidda                   : God.
Leela                  : If we stand on the roof and stretch our arms, can we touch                             the sky?
Sidda                 : Not if we stand on the roof here," he said. "But if you                                    stand on a coconut
                           tree you can touch the sky.
Leela                  : Have you done it?

Sidda                 : Yes, many times. Whenever there is a big moon, climb a                              coconut tree and touch it.
Leela                  : Does the moon know you?
Sidda                 : Yes, very well. Now come with me. I will show you                                      something nice.
                           (They were standing near the rose plant)
Sidda                    : (Pointing) You see the moon there, don’t you?
Leela                     : Yes.
Sidda                     : Now come with me.
                           (He took her to the backyard. He stopped near the well and                         pointed up. The moon was there, too. Leela clapped her                                   hands and screamed in wonder.
Leela                : The moon here! It was there! How is it?
Leela                 : I have asked it to follow us about.
                          ( Leela ran in and told her mother)
Leela                  : Sidda knows the moon.
                           (At dusk he carried her in and she held a class for him. She                        had a box filled with catalogues, illustrated books and stumps                       of pencils. It gave her great joy to play the teacher to Sidda.                          She made him squat on the floor with a pencil between his                              fingers and a catalogue in front of him. She had another                                 pencil and a catalogue.
Leela              : (Commanding) Now write.
                      (Sidda had to try and copy whatever she wrote in the pages of                     her catalogue. She knew two or three letters of the alphabet and                  could draw a kind of cat and crow. But none of these could Sidda                      even remotely copy.)
Leela             : (Examining his effort.) Is this how I have drawn the crow? Is                        this how I have drawn the B?"
                    (She pitied him, and redoubled her efforts to teach him. But                          that good fellow, though an adept at controlling the moon, was                       utterly incapable of playing the pencil. Consequently, it looked                     as though Leela would keep him thee, pinned to his seat till his                       stiff, inflexible wrist cracked. He sought relief. 
Sidda           : I think your mother is calling you in to dinner.
                 (Leela would drop the pencil and run out of the room, and the                           school hour would end. After dinner Leela ran to her bed.                             Sidda had to be ready with a story. He sat down on the floor                           near the bed and told incomparable stories: of animals in the                       jungle, of gods in heaven, of magicians who could conjure up                      golden castles and fill them with little princesses and their pets....                   Day by day she clung closer to him. She insisted
               upon having his company all her waking hours. She was at his side              when he was working in the garden or
           chopping wood, and accompanied him when he was sent on errands.)

Scene –(II)
(One evening he went out to buy sugar and Leela went with him. When they came home, Leela’s mother noticed that a gold chain Leela had been wearing was missing.
Leela’s mother            : Where is your chain?
                                    (Leela looked into her shirt, searched but did not find                                       her chain)
Leela                           : I don’t know.
                                     (Her mother gave her a slap.)
Leela’s mother            : (Giving her a slap) How many times have I told                                                you to take it off and put it in the box?
                                          (Shouts) Sidda, Sidda!
                                         (Sidda comes in) Where is the chain? Where have you                                        kept   it?
Sidda:                           I don’t know (With a dry throat)
 
Mrs.Sivasanker:  Bring the chain or I'll call the police,
  (She turns to go back to the kitchen for a moment because she has left something the oven) 
Leela : Give me some sugar, Mother, I am hungry (Sidda exits)
 Mrs. Sidda, SiddaSivasnker (Sidda has already vanished into thin air) 
SCENE 3
[Narrator: Mr. Sivasanker comes home an hour later.He learns everything from his wife, He grows very excited over all this.So he goes to the police station and lodges a complaint.Once again it is bed time.After meal Leela refuses to go to bed.]
Leela:  I won't sleep unless Sidda comes and tells me stories...Idon't like you, LeelaMother.You are always abusing and worrying Sidda.Why are you so rough?
Mother: But he has taken away your chain...
Leela:  Let him.It doesn't matter.Tell me a story.
Mother:  Sleep, sleep.
Leela: Tell me a story, Mother.
Mother: It is God's mercy that the villain has not killed the child for the chain.....
                (Turning to Leela). Sleep, Leela, Sleep,
Leela : Can't you tell the story of the elephant? 
Mother: No 
(Leela makes a noise of deprecation)
Leela : Why should not Sidda sit in our chair, Mother? 
(Mother does not answer the question. Silence for a moment)
Leela:  Sidda is gone because he wasn't allowed to sleep inside the house like us. Why should he always be made to sleep outside the house, Mother? I think he is angry with us, Mother
 (She turns on her side, falling asleep)
 Mr. Sivasanker:  (Mr. Sivasanker enters) What a risk we took in engaging that fellow. It seems he is an old criminal. He has been in jail half a dozen times for stealing jewellery from children. From the description I gave, the inspector was able to identify him in a moment. 
Mrs. Sivasanker: Where is he now? 
 Mr. Sivasanker :. The police know his haunts. They will pick him up very soon, don't worry. The inspector was furious that I didn’t consult him before employing him...
 SCENE 4
[Narrator: Four days later. Sidda is now in the grip of the police. Sivasanker is at home from office hours. A police inspector and a constable bring in Sidda. Sidda stands with bowed head. Seeing Sidda, Leela is overjoyed
Leela:  (running towards Sidda)Sidda! Sidda!
Inspector:  (stooping her) Don't go near him.
Leela:  Why not?
Inspector:  He is a thief. He has taken away your gold chain. 
Leela: Let him. I will have a new chain.
( All of them laugh) 
Mr.Sivasanker: Why have you taken the chain? Where is the chain? Tell me what you have done with the chain. 
MrsSivasanker: Sidda, so ungrateful you are! You are a devil.
 (Tears roll down Sidda's cheek)
Sidda: I have not taken it. 
                          (Very feebly, looking at the ground)
Mrs. sivasanker:  Why did you run away without telling us?
                               (There is no answer. Laela's face becomes red.)
Leela:  Oh, policeman, leave him alone. I want to play with him.
 Inspector:  My dear child, he is a thief.
Leela: (Haughtily) Let him be...
Inspector (to Sidda):  What a devil you must be steal a thing from such an innocent child! Even now it is not too late. Return it. I will let you off, provided you promise not to do such a thing again.
 Mr. &MrsSivasanker:  (agreeably) Return it now. No harm will be done to you. 
Leela: (feeling disgusted with the whole business) 
             Leave him alone, he hasn't taken the chain. 
Inspector: (Humorously) You are not at all a reliable prosecution witness, my child!
Leela:  (screams) He hasn't taken it! 
Mr. Sivasanker:  Baby, if you don't behave, I will be very angry with you. 
Inspector:  (to the constable)Take him to the station. I think I will have to sit with him tonight. 
(The constable takes Sidda by the hand and returns to go. Leela runs behind them.)
Leela:  (crying) Don't take him. Leave him here. 
 (She clings to Sidda's hand. He looks at her mutely, like an animal. Mr. Sivasanker carries Leela back into the house. Leela is in tears.) 
SCENE 5
Narrator: Everyday when Mr. Sivasanker comes home he is asked by his wife about the jewel. Leela enquires of Sidda.] 
Sivasanker: Any news of the chain? 
Leela: Where is Sidda? 
Mr.Sivasanker: They still have him in the lockup, though he is very stubborn and won't say anything about it. 
Mother: (with a shiver) What a rough fellow he must be!
 Mr. Sivasanker: Oh, these fellows who have been in jail once or twice lose all fear. Nothing can make them confess.

(Narrator :A few days later, putting her hand into the tamarind pot in the kitchen, Leela's Mother picks up the chain.She takes it to the tap and washes off the coating of tamarind on it.It is unmistakably Leela's chain. She goes toLeela to show the chain to her.)
Mother:  Look at the chain.
Leela: It's mine, Give it here, I want to wear the chain.
Mother: How did it get into the tamarind pot?
Leela:  Somehow, 
Mother: Did you put it in?
Leela:  Yes, mother,
 Mother:  When?
Leela:  Long ago, the other day.
Mother:  Why didn't you say so before?
Leela:   I don't know.Leela
 SCENE 6
[Narrator: At night when Mr. Sivasanker comes back, his wife tells him how the chain was discovered.
Mr. Sivasanker:  The child mustnothave any chain hereafter.Didn’t tell you that I saw her carrying it in her hand once or twice?She must have dropped it into the pot sometime And all this bother on account of her.
Mrs.Sivasanker: What about Sidda?
Mr. Sivasanker: I will tell the inspector tomorrow… in any case, we couldn't have kept a criminal like him in the house.











4. Conclusion
4.1 Present Value
 The project we undertook was completed within scheduled time limit.
After completing the project we have learnt the following 
(i) How to transform a story rich in dramatic elements into a successful play.
(ii) How to make the play lively by adding suitable dialogues.
(iii) The utility of stage performance in learning the target language.
(iv) How to enjoy group work.
(v) How to develop essential skills such as collaboration, communication, and critical thinking.
(vi) How to use language in context 
(vii) The importance of tone and modulation in speech.
(viii) The importance of body language or gesture in communication. 
(ix) Importance of the setting, dialogue, music, and props in a drama 
(x) How to develop fourskillsinahappy,non-threateningenvironment.
 4.2 Future 
The product of this particular project will help others in the following Way
 (i) They will get a ready script to be enacted.
(ii) They will be able to modify the script to make it more lively. 
(iii) They can form an idea about dramatization of a story
(iv) They will be encouraged to take up other stories for dramatization 
(v) They will be ableto use the script in learning language effectively.






5 References
Boulton, Marjorie: The Anatomy of Drama.Indian Reprint, Kalyani Publishers, 1985.
 Hornby, Asoword Advanced Learner's Dictionary.Eighth Edition, OUP, 2010. 
National Curriculum Framework.NCERT, 2005. 
O'Shea, Catherine and Egan, Margaret: A Primer of Drama Techniques for Teaching Literature.National Council of Teachers of English, 1978. 
Naganathan, Ramanujam: Project Work to promote English Language Learning.British Council, 2011. 
Mindscapes WBCHSE.
A Text Book of English (B), WBCHSE.
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Friday, 31 March 2017

Editorial Letter (Reckless driving)

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write a letter to the editor of a newspaper against reckless driving on the road.

To
The Editor
The Statesman
Kolkata 7001
                     Subject:  Reckless driving on the road.
Dear Sir,
            I shall be highly obliged if you kindly published the following matter in your daily newspaper in the interest of common people.

            The reckless driving of cars has now become a regular occurrence. The drivers are not careful about their driving. They do not follow the rules and regulations about the traffic. They try to overtake other vehicles desperately. Men on the footpaths are not safe for reckless driving. Traffic police are inactive .As a result serious accidents are taking place on the

             Under the above circumstances, I pray and hope that the government should take proper steps to solve the problem as soon as possible.    
 
                                                                                                      Yours faithfully,
                                                                                                 ..........................................
Place:............  
Date:.............                                                          
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Editorial Letter(Bad condition of the hospital)

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         Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the bad condition of the hospital in your locality.                      

To
The Editor,
The Statesman,
Kolkata -700001
                                            Sub:  Bad condition of the hospital
           Through the columns of your esteemed daily I would like to ventilate my views about the bad condition of hospital in our locality.
     
        The condition of the hospital in our locality is very deplorable. There are sweepers in every hospital but they do not clean the hospital regularly. The number of beds is limited. So, many patients have to lie down on the floor. The doctor and nurses come, sign and go. They do not take care of the patient. They are found more interested in private clinic than hospital. Crumbs lie here and there.  Dogs move about eating them with heart's content. The patients cry for help and medicine.
    
            Under the above circumstances, I pray and hope that the Government should take proper steps to solve the problem as early as possible.
                                                                                             
                                                                                                       Yours faithfully,
                                                                                                 ......................................
Place:...............
Date:...............
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Editorial Letter( high price)

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Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the high price of essential commodities

 To             
 The Editor
The Statesman
 Kolkata 7001
                                            Subject:  the high price of essential commodities
Dear Sir,
            I shall be highly obliged if you kindly published the following matter in your daily newspaper in the interest of common people.
         
            Now the price of a every essential commodities is increasing day by day. Rice sells at Rs. 35/- per kilo. Mustard oil sells at Rs. 110/- per kg. The price of fish has gone up very high.  The retail price of clothes, medicines, the vegetables ,kerosene, petrol, etc. has gone beyond the common man's reach. Dishonest merchants are indeed responsible for price rise. As a result the poor and middle class people have been suffering much.

            Under the above circumstances, I pray and hope that the government should take proper steps to solve the problem as soon as possible.    
   

                                                                                               Yours faithfully,
                                                                                           ...................................
Place:...............
Date:.................
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Some Important Questions of Class-XI (WBCHSE) for exam

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          Ashutosh Sarkar M.A.
   Important questions of Class-XI                                                                                                                   English-B 



.1. Complete each of the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1x5=5



i) Sir Mohan Lal rarely spoke Hindustani as--   (a) he wanted to show off his English (b) he did not know the language well (c) he had only contempt for everything Indian, including its language (d) he believed that speaking Hindustani would lower his prestige in the eyes of Englishmen.



ii) Ultimately the lost chain was found inside- (a) Sidda's pocket   (b) a tamarind pot   (c) a shelf   (d) Lela’s school bag.



iii) As a prisoner Jimmy Valentine's number was-    (a) 9762 (b) 962   (c) 9276 (d) 9672.



iv) The greatest destroyer of peace, according to Mother Teresa, is- (a) abortion (b) adoption (c) hunger (d) malnutrition.



v) Art education calls for close contact with—(a) Nature (b) artisans   (c) acrylic (d) graphics.


      N.B.:     Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

2. Answer any five of the following questions, each in complete sentences:                   1x5=5                                      

i)    Why was Sir Mohan dismayed?
Ans: Sir Mohan was dismayed to find the compartment of the train empty.



ii)   Why did Mother become surprised in the West?

Ans: Mother became surprised in the West to see so many young boys and girls given into drugs.


iii)   What did Sidda go out to buy one evening?

Ans: One evening Sidda went out to buy some sugar.


 iv)  Who was Annabel Adams?

Ans: Annabel Adams was the daughter of Mr. Adams.


v)  What are the two aspects of art education?

Ans: The two aspects of art education are fine art and functional art.


vi)  Where did Leela’s mother find the chain?
Ans: Leela’s mother found the chain in a tamarind pot.

vii)  Who were the two soldiers?
Ans: Jim and Bill were the two soldiers.

viii) What did the warden give Jimmy?
Ans: The warden gave Jimmy a cigar.
ix) What had mother seen in the old-age home?
Ans: Mother had seen in the old-age home that all the old people were eagerly looking at the door awaiting their sons or daughters.
x) Where does the vitality of work of art lie?
Ans: The vitality of work of art lies in its sense of beauty and order.
N.B. : Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.

3. Answer any two of the questions which follow (each in about 100 words):   5x2=10

                                                  Leela’s friend
a)       Now write” Who said this and to whom? Describe the speaker’s efforts in teaching the taught? 
 OR, How did Leela try to make Sidda write? What was the result?
b)       How did Sidda play with Leela?  
OR, Sidda, come and play” Who is the speaker? What kind of games did the speaker play?
 OR, Describe Leela’s experiences of playing with Sidda.
 OR, You must be very quick about it” Who is the speaker? Describe in what occasion the speaker said this?
 OR, How did Sidda amuse Leela in their play?
c)       ‘And that decided it ‘ -Refer to the context.
OR, “Mr. Sivasanker was standing in the front veranda of his house brooding over the servant problem’- How was Mr. Sivasanker’s servant problem solve?
OR, Sir, do you want a servant?” – Who said this and to whom? Was he appointed as a servant? How was he appointed?
OR,  How was Sidda appointed as a servant at Sivasanker’s house?
d)       What is your own view of Sidda? Do you think he is a suitable friend for Leela?
                           Nobel Lecture
e)       Narrate in your own words the experience of Mother Teresa in an old-age home?
f)        How does Mother Teresa fight against abortion?
g)       How did the little boy of four share his love with the children of Mother Teresa’s home?
h)       “It must have been a terrible sacrifice for him” Describe the sacrifice.
                           The Place of Art in Education
i)         What is the difference between ‘Fine Art’ and ‘Functional Art’?
j)         How do the people without a sense of beauty harm their health and contaminate the society? OR How does the absence of a sense of beauty affect an individual?

                                            Karma
k)        .How did Sir Mohan Lal feel when he saw two Englishmen coming up to the coupe? Why was he half smiling and half protesting?
l)         Compare the personalities of Sir Mohan Lal and Lachmi.

                                                 Jimmy Valentine
m)   Describe Jimmy’s final meeting with Ben Price. Why did Ben refuse to recognize Jimmy?
n)     What did Jimmy write in his letter to his old friend?
o)    Evaluate the character of Jimmy Valentine.
p)    Question: Bring out the beauties of the character of Miss Annabel Adams.   
q)   Question: Bring out beauties of the character of Ben Price.
          
4. Complete each of the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given. 1x5=5

i) The wind tells the mists to--   (a) settle on the shore  (b) lift their veils to enable the mariners to steer their ships

  ( c) shroud the graveyard  (d) move and make way for it.
ii) The city of London is seen—( a) in the morning light   (b) at twilight  (c) at noon  (d) at midnight.
iii) The poem "Meeting at Night" is a--  (a) sonnet    (b) lyric   (c) soliloquy   (d) dramatic monologue.
iv) The rhyme-scheme of "The Sick Rose" is—( a) cddc ( b) cdec  (  c) abcbdefe   (  d) cdcd
v) In the poem "Brotherhood", the night is--- ( a) enormous  ( b) dark  ( c) short   ( d) silent

N.B.:  Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

5. Answer any five of the following questions, each in a complete sentences:   1x5=5
i) Which city does the poet refer to in the poem “Upon Westminster Bridge”?
Ans Here the city referred to is the city of London.
ii) What type of a poem is ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’?
Ans: Upon Westminster Bridge’ is an Italian sonnet.
iii) Where was the lover going?
Ans: The lover was going to meet his beloved in her farmhouse.
iv) Why do the lovers meet at night?
Ans: The lovers meet at night to keep their meeting a secret.
v) Who is sick in the poem of Blake?
Ans: The rose is sick in the poem of Blake.
Vi) When did the worm creep into the rose’s bed?
The worm crept into the rose’s bed on a stormy night.
vii) What type of a poem is ‘Brotherhood’?
Ans: The poem ‘Brotherhood’ is a lyrical poem.
viii) What did the wind tell the chanticleer?
Ans: The wind told the chanticleer to blow on a trumpet as day is near.
ix) What is belfry tower?
Ans: Belfry tower is a tower in which church bells hangs
x) What does the poet see when he looks up?

Ans:  When the poet looks up he sees that the stars are writing.


N.B.:  Students are requested to memorize excess from exercise book.
6. Answer any two of the questions which follow (each in about 100 words):   5x2=10
a) Give the substance of the poem “Upon West Minster Bridge”. (OR) Describe, after Wordsworth, the city of London as given in the poem ‘Upon Westminster Bridge’.

b) Substance / title /Central idea of the poem, ‘Meeting at Night’ / Describe the feelings of the lover on his journey to meet his beloved in the poem, "Meeting at Night".

c) Give the substance of the poem, “The Sick Rose”. OR Justify the title of the poem “The sick Rose”
d) How does Longfellow describe the activities of the wind? /  How does Longfellow personify the wind in his poem, "Daybreak”?
e) What is the central idea of the poem ‘Brotherhood’?
7. Complete each of the sentences which follow, choosing the correct answer from the alternatives given:    

i) The duke and his followers liked the life in the Forest of Arden because-- a) it was a lazy life of luxury and comfort

 ( b) it was a life more relaxing than that in the court ( c) it was dangerous and challenging ( d) they loved hunting.
ii) Iago was determined to take revenge on---- a) Barbantio (b) Cassio and Othello (c) Emilia (d) Desdemona.
iii) Aegeon is travelling throughout the world in search of his son for--- a) 6 years (b) 5 years (c) 9 years (d) 7 years.
iv) Banquo's ghost occupied--- (a) Macbeth's palace (b) Macbeth's seat (c) Macbeth's bed (d) Macbeth's army.
v) Viola was Sebastian's—(a) sister (b) wife (c) friend (d) niece.

N.B.:  Students are requested to go through the text attentively.

8. Answer anyone of the questions which follow (each in about 100 words):   5x1=5
(I) How did Iago plant seeds of doubt and suspicion in Othello's mind? (Othello)
ii) Describe the wrestling match between Charles and Orlando.      (As You Like It)
iii) Narrate in your own words the gold chain incident.        (The Comedy of Errors)
iv) What was the law that prevailed in Ephesus? What did the Duke say to Aegeon when he became a victim of the law? (The comedy of Errors)
v) Why did Duke Orsino send Viola to Olivia? What was Olivia’s reply?  (Twelfth Night)
 vi) What did each of the three witches predict to Macbeth when he first met him? (Macbeth)
vii) Describe the feelings of Macbeth as he went to murder Duncan?         (Macbeth)
viii) How did the witches deceive Macbeth through the apparitions they conjured in their second meeting with him?

viii) Discuss the character of Othello.       (Othello)
ix) Why did Othello decide to kill his wife and himself?          (Othello)
x) Sketch the character of Orlando.         (As You Like It)
9. Textual Grammar:        10 Marks    
   A)      Do as directed:                                                                                   1x7=7
i)         Narration change  (ii) Voice change (iii) Negative-affirmative (iv) Complex/Simple/ Participle (v) Degree (vi) Interchange of Parts of Speech     vii) Split

   B) Article & Preposition:                                                                          1/2x6=3


10.  Write a paragraph on the following event about 150 words:         10 marks

Your first day in school, , usefulness of travelling, a book you have recently read, Uses and abuses of mobile phone, Pollution, Favourite season/hobby/author/game, Visit to a book Fair, Mid-day Meal ,The School magazine, Festival of Bengal ,Computer, Face Book , My Best Friend

OR    Story Writing

11. Advertisement (not more than 50 words) (one out of Two)) s


12. Commercial Leaflet (not more than 50 words) (one out of two))  
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